In one embodiment, a plurality of virtual private local area network services (VPLSs) are operated among a plurality of packet switching devices, with the plurality of VPLSs including a first VPLS and a different second VPLS. In response to a conversion declaration including a particular Service Instance VLAN ID (I-SID), the first VPLS corresponding to the particular I-SID is converted to a different type of virtual private network (VPN) service, while continuing to operate the different second VPLS which is not related to the particular I-SID. In one embodiment, the different type of VPN service is Provider Backbone Bridging Ethernet VPN (PBB-EVPN). In one embodiment, the conversion declaration is a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) of Route Type 3 Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag (IMET) route.

Various embodiments establish a virtual private network (VPN) between a remote network and a private network. In one embodiment, a first system in the remote network establishes a connection with a central system through a public network. The central system is situated between the first system and a second system in the private network. The first system receives, from the central system and based on establishing the connection, a set of VPN information associated with at least the second system. The first system disconnects from the central system and establishes a VPN directly with the second system through the public network based on the set of VPN information.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described herein for implementing a switched Controller Area Network (CAN). In some embodiments, control circuitry of a bridge may receive a CAN message. The control circuitry may identify a first plurality of nodes to which the CAN message is addressed by comparing a virtual CAN bus identifier of the CAN message to entries of a virtual CAN bus lookup table, and may identify a second plurality of nodes to which the CAN message is addressed by comparing a message identifier (ID) of the CAN message to entries of a message ID lookup table. The control circuitry may perform a logical AND operation between the first plurality of nodes and the second plurality of nodes, and may transmit the CAN message to a node that satisfies the logical AND operation.

Systems and methods are provided for routing a message in a network. A bit length of an identifier field of a received message is identified. A lookup table is selected based on the bit length of the identifier field. The identifier field is used as a reference for the lookup table to identify a bus for the message, and the message is forwarded to the bus.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided herein for time-stamping a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus message. Control circuitry (e.g., of a network bridge) may receive a CAN message, and may, in response to receiving the CAN message, generate a time stamp. The control circuitry may add an entry to a lookup table stored in memory, wherein the entry correlates a CAN message Identifier (ID) corresponding to the CAN message with the time stamp. The control circuitry may encapsulate the CAN message and the time stamp, and may transmit the CAN message according to the time stamp.

Various embodiments establish a virtual private network (VPN) between a remote network and a private network. In one embodiment, a first system in the remote network establishes a connection with a central system through a public network. The central system is situated between the first system and a second system in the private network. The first system receives, from the central system and based on establishing the connection, a set of VPN information associated with at least the second system. The first system disconnects from the central system and establishes a VPN directly with the second system through the public network based on the set of VPN information.

Various embodiments establish a virtual private network (VPN) between a remote network and a private network. In one embodiment, a first system in the remote network establishes a connection with a central system through a public network. The central system is situated between the first system and a second system in the private network. The first system receives, from the central system and based on establishing the connection, a set of VPN information associated with at least the second system. The first system disconnects from the central system and establishes a VPN directly with the second system through the public network based on the set of VPN information.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and a gateway device for managing an address resource, which relate to the field of Internet technologies and can maximally reduce horizontal traffic between gateway devices, thereby improving system performance. The method in the present invention includes: sending an address delegation request message to a management gateway device in a same gateway group, where the management gateway device is configured to manage an address pool(s) or an address in an address pool; receiving a response message sent by the management gateway device, where the response message includes a delegated address, and the delegated address is an address in the address pool(s) managed by the management gateway device; acquiring the delegated address in the response message; and allocating an address in the delegated address to a user terminal in a same user group. The present invention is used for managing the address resource.

Various embodiments establish a virtual private network (VPN) between a remote network and a private network. In one embodiment, a first system in the remote network establishes a connection with a central system through a public network. The central system is situated between the first system and a second system in the private network. The first system receives, from the central system and based on establishing the connection, a set of VPN information associated with at least the second system. The first system disconnects from the central system and establishes a VPN directly with the second system through the public network based on the set of VPN information.

A method and system are disclosed for distributing (advertising) segment identifiers in network functions virtualization and/or software defined networking environments. An exemplary method includes receiving a route advertisement that includes a prefix with a forwarding address for a first network element and receiving a segment identifier (SID) advertisement that includes a prefix SID for the prefix. The route advertisement may be received from a second network element proxying control plane functions for the first network element. Reachability information for the first network element is updated based on the route advertisement and the SID advertisement.