A system for enabling signal penetration into a building comprising a receiver located on an outside of the building for receiving millimeter wave signals. At least one frequency downconverter for downconverts the received millimeter wave signals to a frequency level that overcomes losses occurring when the millimeter wave signals are transmitted from the outside the building to an interior of the building. Transceiver circuitry transmits the downconverted millimeter wave signals from the outside the building to the interior of the building. At least one frequency upconverter upconverts the received downconverted millimeter wave signals from the frequency level that overcomes losses occurring when the millimeter wave signals are transmitted from the outside the building to the interior of the building. A second transceiver transmits the upconverted millimeter wave signal in a second format to wireless devices within the building.

Networks operating at high frequencies in 5G and 6G may reduce the incidence of phase faulting by declaring that, above a specified frequency, messages are to be modulated according to multiplexed amplitude-phase modulation, instead of the QAM modulation generally used at lower frequencies. Multiplexed amplitude-phase modulation can provide larger phase margins than QAM of the same order, by arranging the modulation phase levels to be equally spaced-apart which they are not in QAM. For example, with 4 amplitude and 4 phase levels (16 states), the various modulation states can be separated by 90 degrees of phase, whereas in 16QAM the minimum phase separation is only 36.9 degrees, a serious problem at higher frequencies where phase noise predominates. In addition, QAM cannot accommodate non-square modulation tables, which are readily provided by amplitude-phase modulation, further enhancing fault-mitigation options.

Apparatuses, systems, and techniques to demodulate data for fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). In at least one embodiment, a processor includes one or more circuits to use a parallel processor to determine a signal value based, at least in part, on one or more predetermined probability values.

Apparatuses, systems, and techniques to demodulate data for fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). In at least one embodiment, a processor includes one or more circuits to use a parallel processor to determine a signal value based, at least in part, on one or more predetermined probability values.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for operating a receiving device in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a signal from a transmitting device which includes a plurality of transmit antennas, determining, based on the signal, multiple symbol vectors from symbol vectors possibly transmitted from a first transmit antenna and a second transmit antenna of the plurality of transmit antennas, and determining combinations of symbols transmitted from the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna by searching, for each of the multiple symbol vectors, at least one other symbol vector within a first preset distance from each of the multiple symbol vectors.

A system for enabling signal penetration into a building includes first circuitry, located on an outside of the building, for receiving signals at a first frequency that experiences losses when penetrating into an interior of the building and converting the received signals at the first frequency into a first format that overcome the losses caused by penetrating into the interior of the building over a wireless communications link. The first circuitry further includes a first transceiver, implementing a first transmission chipset for RF transmissions in the first format that counteracts losses occurring when penetrating into the interior of the building, for receiving the signals at the first frequency and converting the received signals at the first frequency into the first format that overcomes the losses caused by penetrating into the interior of the building. Second circuitry, located on the interior of the building is communicatively linked with the first circuitry for receiving and transmitting the converted received signals in the first format. The second circuitry further includes a second transceiver, implementing the first transmission chipset, for receiving and transmitting the converted signals in the first format from/to the first transceiver on the exterior of the building.

Apparatus for communicating data between a transmitter device 16 and a first 51 and a second 52 receiver device, the receiver devices being connected, in use, to the transmitter device via a first 21 and a second 22 pair of wires respectively. Each receiver device is operable to receive signals detected as a change over time in the potential difference across the local ends of each respective pair of wires extending between the respective receiver device and the transmitter device, and the transmitter device is operable to transmit signals onto the wires at the transmitter ends thereof in order to transmit signals via a direct differential mode to each respective receiver via its respective pair of wires. The transmitter device is additionally operable to transmit signals to both receivers via a single common indirect channel and comprises: a channel estimator 1670, 1680, 1690 for estimating the extent of coupling between the common indirect channel and each of the receiver devices based on readings received by the transmitter device from the receiver devices; and a processor 1690 for determining a plurality of weighting values in dependence upon the estimated extents of the couplings; the transmitter 16 being operable to transmit a first signal via the direct differential mode over the first pair 21, to transmit a second signal via the direct differential mode over the second pair 22 and to transmit a combined signal onto the indirect channel, wherein the combined signal comprises a weighted sum of the first and second signals, the weighting being done in accordance with the determined weighting values; and wherein the transmitter further comprises a precoder 1640 for precoding the first, second and combined signals to pre-compensate them for the expected effects of cross-talk from the other ones of these signals, wherein the pre-coding of each signal, including the first and the second signals, is performed in dependence upon the determined weighting values.

A method of simplifying the encoding of a predetermined number of bits of data into frames including adding error coding bits so that a ratio of the frame length times the baud rate of the frame times he bit packing ratio of the data divided the total bits of data is always an integer. The method may also convolutionally encode the bits of data so that the same equation is also always an integer.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for operating a receiver in a wireless communication system may include: receiving a signal from a transmitter; performing Integer Forcing (IF) equalization on the received signal; determining a log LikeLihood Ratio (LLR) value of each bit by using a posteriori probability of each bit for the signal determined based on an equalization matrix and a likelihood value for the signal; and decoding the signal by using the LLR value.

An apparatus, method, computer readable medium, and system are provided to determine whether a non-linear signal impairment is present in a network communication channel. For instance, a computing device may transmit equalization coefficients to a user device to modify future signals generated by the user device. If the equalization coefficients are unable to reduce a signal impairment, the signal impairment may be a non-linear signal impairment. The computing device may generate symbol placements based on signals received from the user device and transmit status messages.