A communication device communicates a physical (PHY) frame including a preamble and a data field. The preamble includes a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG), an EHT Signal Field (EHT-SIG-A), an EHT Short Training Field (EHT-STF), and an EHT Long Training Field (EHT-LTF) and the EHT-SIG-A includes fields indicating a modulation scheme and information indicating which one of a UC (Uniform Constellation) scheme and an NUC (Non Uniform Constellation) scheme is used as the modulation scheme, and the data field includes data that has undergone modulation corresponding to the modulation scheme and the information indicated by the fields.

The present disclosure relates to an equalizer training unit for deriving equalization parameters for compensating data-dependent distortion in received samples by use of a training sequence including a sequence p>1 times and cyclically comprising N sub-sequences of respective combinations of L time-domain symbols of a modulation scheme, wherein the N sub-sequences are cyclically arranged in a selected order and such that L−1 symbols of a respective sub-sequence overlap with symbols in the preceding and following sub-sequences. The present disclosure further relates to a training sequence generator unit for generative the training sequence and an equalizer employing the equalizer training unit.

A communication device communicates a radio frame including a preamble and a data field of a physical layer (PHY). The preamble includes an L-STF (Legacy Short Training Field), an L-LTF (Legacy Long Training Field), an L-SIG (Legacy Signal Field), an EHT-SIG-A (Extremely High Throughput Signal A Field), an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF, and the EHT-SIG-A includes a field indicating a standard that the radio frame complies with.

A training packet sending method and apparatus, where the method includes generating, by a first device, a training packet, where the training packet includes a preamble, a header, and a training field, and the header includes at least a legacy header, and repeatedly sending, by the first device, the preamble using N channels, sending the legacy header in the header using the N channels, and sending the training field to at least one second device using H channels of the N channels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

During a training procedure for communicating via a full-duplex communication link, a first communication device receives training information from a second communication device. The training information corresponds to first signal processing parameters developed at the second communication device for use by the second communication device to process signals received by the second communication device via the full-duplex communication link. After receiving the training information from the second communication device, the first communication device develops second signal processing parameters to be used by the first communication device to process signals received by the first communication device via the full-duplex communication link. The second signal processing parameters are developed using the training information received from the second communication device.

The present invention discloses a receive data equalization apparatus. A delay-compensating calculation circuit retrieves training data groups of a training data signal to retrieve total delay amount, generate signed compensation amounts according to a relation among training data contents of training data in each of the training data groups to generate total compensation amount accordingly, and solve equations that correspond total delay amount of the training data groups to the total compensation amount to obtain each of the compensation amounts. A receive data equalization circuit receives the compensation amounts and retrieves a receive data group in a receive data signal, generate signed receive compensation amounts according to a relation among receive data contents of receive data in the receive data group to generate a total receive compensation amount accordingly to perform equalization on a terminal edge of the receive data group according to the total receive compensation amount.

A first wireless device may generate a first pseudo-random data based on a seed known to a second wireless device, and may transmit a first training signal including first pseudo-random data to the second wireless device for a MI estimation at the second wireless device, the first pseudo-random data being modulated with a first modulation order. The second wireless device may estimate, based on the received first training signal and through the MI estimation, a reception quality associated with at least one modulation order lower than or equal to the first modulation order, and determine a second modulation order of the at least one modulation order lower than or equal to the first modulation order based on the MI estimation, the second modulation order being estimated to provide a reception quality greater than or equal to a reception quality threshold. The MI estimation may be periodic or aperiodic.

This application provides a training sequence transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: A first AP broadcasts a trigger frame, where the trigger frame indicates a time sequence of separately sending channel sounding frames by N STAs, and N is an integer greater than 1. The first AP receives the channel sounding frames sequentially sent by the N STAs, where one channel sounding frame includes one or more training sequences. In this solution, only one trigger frame needs to be sent, so that the N STAs can be triggered to separately report channel sounding frames to M+1 APs. However, in the conventional technology, each AP needs to send one channel training request to each STA, that is, N×(M+1) channel training requests are sent in total, to trigger each STA to report a training sequence. Therefore, this solution can significantly reduce signaling overheads.

During a training procedure for communicating via a full-duplex communication link, a first communication device receives training information from a second communication device. The training information corresponds to first signal processing parameters developed at the second communication device for use by the second communication device to process signals received by the second communication device via the full-duplex communication link. After receiving the training information from the second communication device, the first communication device develops second signal processing parameters to be used by the first communication device to process signals received by the first communication device via the full-duplex communication link. The second signal processing parameters are developed using the training information received from the second communication device.

A monitoring system and monitoring method for detecting a spectral anomaly in a cellular wireless network, in particular a 5G private uRLLC network, wherein an RF receiver monitors the cellular wireless network spectrum and derives spectrum and/or physical measurement values of the spectrum of the cellular wireless network, and a processing unit of the monitoring system executes a spectral anomaly neural network trained by a machine learning algorithm in a training system, wherein the processing unit obtains the spectrum and/or the physical measurement values of the spectrum and processes it to detect a spectral anomaly information. Further, a training system and training method for training a spectral anomaly neural network, wherein the training system/method is used in a cellular wireless network, in particular a 5G private uRLLC network, and an RF receiver of the training system monitors the cellular wireless network spectrum and derives spectrum and/or physical measurement values of the spectrum of the cellular wireless network, and a processor of the training system executes a machine learning algorithm to train the spectral anomaly neural network based upon the derived spectrum and/or physical measurement values of the spectrum of the cellular wireless network.