Systems and devices are provided for receiving or transmitting IQ data (e.g., suitable for passband quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)) over a wireline using pairs of baseband pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-n) signals. Encoding circuitry may map data from an input bit stream to IQ data that includes an in-phase component and a quadrature-phase component. Modulator circuitry may determine an in-phase PAM-n signal based on the in-phase component and a quadrature-phase PAM-n signal based on the quadrature-phase component. Driver circuitry may transmit the in-phase PAM-n signal and the quadrature-phase PAM-n signal across a wireline channel. The in-phase PAM-n signal may be different by 90° from the quadrature-phase PAM-n signal. This may enable a remote receiver on the wireline channel to detect the in-phase PAM-n signal independently of the quadrature-phase PAM-n signal.

A battery management system comprises a first battery cell controller; a second battery cell controller, the first battery cell controller and the second battery cell controller each monitoring a plurality of battery cells; and a galvanically isolated transmission line providing a point-to-point signal transmission path between the first battery cell controller and the second battery cell controller. At least one of the first battery cell controller or the second battery cell controller includes at least one encoding/decoding circuit for encoding data for transmission as a serial data stream along the signal transmission path in compliance with a multi-level encoding technique, including modulating the serial data stream over at least three discrete signal levels at a predetermined and fixed data pulse frequency, encoding a plurality of data nibbles of the serial data stream into a data packet, the data packet including a plurality of symbols constructed and arranged with at least four consecutive chips per symbol, wherein the at least four consecutive chips per symbol of the data packet includes a DC balanced line code in each of the symbols.

According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a base station communicating by using a plurality of antennas includes: a memory; a transceiver including the plurality of antennas forming an array structure; and at least one processor configured to convert first in-phase quadrature (IQ) data included in a first digital signal into radio frequency (RF) signals and then apply the RF signals to the plurality of antennas, respectively, detect a back-lobe signal beam-formed by the plurality of antennas, and perform linearization on second IQ data included in a second digital signal, based on the detected back-lobe signal.

A method of recovering information encoded by a modulated sinusoidal waveform having first, second, third and fourth data notches at respective phase angles, where a power of the modulated sinusoidal waveform is reduced relative to a power of an unmodulated sinusoidal waveform within selected ones of the first, second, third and fourth data notches so as to encode input digital data. The method includes receiving the modulated sinusoidal waveform and generating digital values representing the modulated sinusoidal waveform. A digital representation of the unmodulated sinusoidal waveform is subtracted from the digital values in order to generate a received digital data sequence, which includes digital data notch values representative of the amplitude of the modulated sinusoidal waveform within the first, second, third and fourth data notches. The input digital data is then estimated based upon the digital data notch values.

A method of recovering information encoded by a modulated sinusoidal waveform having first, second, third and fourth data notches at respective phase angles, where a power of the modulated sinusoidal waveform is reduced relative to a power of an unmodulated sinusoidal waveform within selected ones of the first, second, third and fourth data notches so as to encode input digital data. The method includes receiving the modulated sinusoidal waveform and generating digital values representing the modulated sinusoidal waveform. A digital representation of the unmodulated sinusoidal waveform is subtracted from the digital values in order to generate a received digital data sequence, which includes digital data notch values representative of the amplitude of the modulated sinusoidal waveform within the first, second, third and fourth data notches. The input digital data is then estimated based upon the digital data notch values.

A system and method for waveform modulation includes encoding input digital data at selected phase angles of an unmodulated sinusoidal waveform. The encoding includes selectively reducing a power of the unmodulated sinusoidal waveform at the selected phase angles in accordance with bit values of the input digital data so as to respectively define first, second, third and fourth data notches in the modulated sinusoidal waveform. An encoded analog waveform is then generated from a digital representation of the modulated sinusoidal waveform. The encoding is performed so that energies associated with the first and third data notches are balanced and energies associated with second and fourth data notches are also balanced. Each of the energies corresponds to a cumulative power difference between a power of the unmodulated sinusoidal waveform and a power of the modulated sinusoidal waveform over a phase angle range subtended by one of the data notches.

Techniques are provided herein to increase a rate of data transfer across a large number of channels in a memory device using multi-level signaling. Such multi-level signaling may be configured to increase a data transfer rate without increasing the frequency of data transfer and/or a transmit power of the communicated data. An example of multi-level signaling scheme may be pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Each unique symbol of the multi-level signal may be configured to represent a plurality of bits of data.

A system and method for narrowband sinewave modulation. The system includes an input buffer for storing input digital data and a sub-periodic modulator for encoding the input digital data in a periodic waveform. The sub-periodic modulator encodes one or more bit values of the input digital data within each period of the periodic waveform. One or more digital-to-analog converters generate an encoded analog waveform from a digital representation of the periodic waveform wherein the encoded analog waveform is of a frequency f and a power P. The encoding is performed by the sub-periodic modulator such that any signal of frequency f resulting from the encoding is of a power P at least 50 dB less than power P, where f is offset from f by more than 25 Hz.

A test and measurement instrument including a digital down converter configured to receive a bus signal and output in-phase and quadrature-phase baseband component waveform data, a trace generator configured to receive the in-phase and quadrature-phase baseband component waveform data and generate at least one radio frequency versus time trace, a decoder configured to receive the at least one radio frequency versus time trace and decode the bus signal based on the at least one radio frequency versus time trace and a wireless modulation scheme, and a trigger configured to capture at least a portion of the bus signal based on the decoded bus signal.

A system and method for a high-speed transmitter comprising a precoder configured to receive a sequence of input symbols and to generate for each received symbol a respective recoded symbol is disclosed. The transmitter includes a recoding unit configured for recoding each current received PAM-M based on the recoded symbol immediately preceding the current recoded symbol at the recoding unit, a shift unit configured for determining a shift value for each current received symbol from the recoding unit based on the symbol received from the recoding unit and immediately preceding the current symbol at the shift unit; and Feed-Forward Equalizer unit for applying the shift values to the respective symbols received from the recoding unit to generate a corresponding sequence of output symbols to be transmitted in an output stream.