A wireless communication terminal for wireless communication is disclosed. The wireless communication terminal includes: a transceiver; and a processor. The processor is configured to transmit a non-legacy physical layer frame including a legacy signaling field including information decodable by a legacy wireless communication terminal by using the transceiver.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems described herein generally relate to a reference signal generation and mapping. For example, a method comprises determining a first set of antenna ports for a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) transmission; determining, based on the first set, a frequency index associated with four adjacent resource elements, wherein the four adjacent resource elements correspond to two adjacent symbols in a time axis and to two adjacent subcarriers in a frequency axis; generating, based on a first orthogonal cover code and a second orthogonal cover code, a DM-RS associated with the first set of antenna ports; and transmitting, via a mapping to the four adjacent resource elements, the DM-RS associated with the first set of antenna ports.

The disclosure discloses a high-efficiency short training field sequence generation method, a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and related apparatuses, where the high-efficiency short training sequence generation method includes: increasing frequency domain density of a frequency domain sequence corresponding to a first high-efficiency short training field sequence to generate a frequency domain sequence with increased frequency domain density; generating a second high-efficiency short training field sequence according to the frequency domain sequence with increased frequency domain density; and using the second high-efficiency short training field sequence as a high-efficiency short training field sequence in a preamble sequence of a data transmission frame in a wireless local area network WLAN. In embodiments of the disclosure, a cycle of a high-efficiency short training field sequence used for performing stage-2 AGC adjustment in the WLAN may be increased, and a maximum CSD value that can be used is further increased.

When a plurality of the subcarrier spacing values are applied, a reference signal is generated by using a sequence having a sequence length corresponding to a first ratio of a first subcarrier spacing set for transmission data to the maximum settable subcarrier spacing. The sequence of the reference signal is mapped to a frequency resource at mapping intervals in accordance with a second ratio which is the reciprocal of the first ratio, and the transmission data and the reference signal are transmitted.

Disclosed are techniques related to wireless communication system in which a network node is allowed to puncture a reference signal (RS) to deliver high priority data (e.g., URLLC data) to a user equipment (UE) that is not currently being served by the network node. In an aspect, the RS comprises a puncturable subset and an unpuncturable subset. In an aspect, the puncturable subset comprises resources of the RS that are allowed to be punctured, and the unpuncturable subset comprises resources of the RS that are prohibited from being punctured. In an aspect, the network node transmits the RS such that unpuncturable subset indicates whether or not the puncturable subset of the RS has or has not been punctured.

A method of transmitting a discovery reference signal (DRS) by a base station in a wireless access system supporting an unlicensed band, includes transmitting the DRS in a DRS occasion via the unlicensed band, wherein the DRS includes a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), wherein the DRS is transmitted in a subframe (SF) among SF #1, SF #2, SF #3, SF #4, SF #6, SF #7, SF #8, and SF #9, and wherein the SSS is generated based on a SSS sequence related to a SF number where the DRS occasion occurs.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Repetitions of a reference signal may be transmitted by a first device. In some examples, the repetitions may be quasi-colocated with one another, share an antenna port, or both. The repetitions of the reference signal may arrive at a reconfigurable surface. The reconfigurable surface may apply a modulation sequence to the repetitions of the reference signal and output modulated repetitions of the reference signal in a direction based on a reflective state of the reconfigurable surface. A signal including the modulated repetitions of the reference signal may be received by a second device and combined with the modulation sequence used by the reconfigurable surface to obtain a combined signal. The combined signal may be used to determine, for the reconfigurable surface, information about a channel between the first device and the second device.

Proposed are a method and a device for receiving a PPDU in a wireless LAN system. Specifically, a reception STA receives a PPDU through a broadband from a transmission STA, and decodes the PPDU. The broadband is a 320 MHz band or a (160+160) MHz band. The PPDU includes an STF signal. The STF signal is generated on the basis of a first STF sequence for the broadband. The first STF sequence is obtained by applying a phase rotation to a sequence in which a second STF sequence for a 80 MHz band is repeated. The first STF sequence is a sequence in which a preconfigured M sequence is repeated, and is defined by a formula {M−1 −M 0 −M −1 M 0 M −1 −M 0 −M −1 M 0 −M 1 M 0 M 1 −M 0 −M 1 M 0 M 1 −M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2). A first preamble puncturing pattern includes all patterns of a band obtained by puncturing a 20 MHz band in the 320 MHz band or the (160+160) MHz band.

A method and a device for receiving a PPDU in a wireless LAN system are presented. Particularly, a reception STA receives a PPDU from a transmission STA through a broadband and decodes the PPDU. The broadband is the 320 MHz band or 160+160 MHz band. The PPDU includes an STF signal. The STF signal is generated on the basis of a first STF sequence for the broadband. The first STF sequence is the sequence in which phase rotation is applied to the sequence in which a second STF sequence is repeated. The second STF sequence is the STF sequence for the 160 MHz band defined in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system. The first sequence is the sequence in which a preset M sequence is repeated, and is defined as {M 1 −M 0 −M 1 −M 0 −M −1 M 0 −M 1 −M 0 −M −1 M 0 M −1 M 0 M 1 −M 0 M −1 M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2).

An apparatus of a Wi-Fi station (STA), the apparatus including a radio frequency (RF) interface, and one or more processors coupled to the RF interface configured to: receive a first periodic training field and a second periodic training field of a preamble of a data packet; compare the first periodic training field of the preamble with the second periodic training field of the preamble; determine a first spurious tone parameter based on the comparison; receive a transmission frame of the data packet; determine a second spurious tone parameter based on the transmission frame of the data packet; and generate a frequency adjustment based on the first spurious tone parameter and the second spurious tone parameter.