A system for direct imaging and diagnosing of abnormal cells in a target tissue includes a disposable optical speculum and an image acquisition system having the speculum assembled on and mechanically secured thereto. The image acquisition system is arranged to capture at least one of a single image or multiple images or video of cells within the target tissue using at least one of bright field or dark field ring illumination divided into independently operated segments to obtain a plurality of data sets. An image analysis and control unit in communication with the image acquisition system analyzes the data sets and applies algorithms to the data sets for diagnosing abnormal cells.

Embodiments of the present invention generally describe systems, devices, and methods for directly measuring pulse profiles during pulse delivery. In some embodiment, the pulse profiles may be measured while the pulse is delivered to ablate a material. Embodiments, may calculate ablation spot parameters based on the pulse profiles and may refine one or more subsequent laser pulses based on deviations from the calculated ablation spot parameters from desired ablation spot parameters. In some embodiments, a fluence profiler is provided. The fluence profiler may measure a pulse profile of a laser pulse from a portion of the laser pulse. The fluence profiler may utilize a UV radiation energy sensor device and a camera-based imager. The measurements from the UV radiation energy sensor device and the camera-based imager may be combined and scaled to provide a measured pulse profile that corresponds to the delivered pulse.

Methods, apparatus, and kits for applying thermal energy to tissue in a region of interest. Certain embodiments include registration of fiducial markers with an image guidance system and temperature monitoring via magnetic resonance imaging thermography.

A system and method for treating ophthalmic target tissue, including a light source for generating a beam of light, a beam delivery system that includes a scanner for generating patterns, and a controller for controlling the light source and delivery system to create a dosimetry pattern of the light beam on the ophthalmic target tissue. One or more dosage parameters of the light beam vary within the dosimetry pattern, to create varying exposures on the target tissue. A visualization device observes lesions formed on the ophthalmic target tissue by the dosimetry pattern. The controller selects dosage parameters for the treatment beam based upon the lesions resulting from the dosimetry pattern, either automatically or in response to user input, so that a desired clinical effect is achieved by selecting the character of the lesions as determined by the dosimetry pattern lesions.

Ablation and visualization systems and methods to access quality of contact between a catheter and tissue are provided. In some embodiments, a method for monitoring tissue ablation of the present disclosure comprises advancing a distal tip of an ablation catheter to a tissue in need of ablation; illuminating the tissue with UV light to excite NADH in the tissue, wherein the tissue is illuminated in a radial direction, an axial direction, or both; determining from a level of NADH fluorescence in the illuminated tissue when the distal tip of the catheter is in contact with the tissue; and delivering ablation energy to the tissue to form a lesion in the tissue.

A system and method are provided for implementing multi-stage translation of virtual addresses. The method includes the steps of receiving, at a first memory management unit, a memory request including a virtual address in a first address space, translating the virtual address to generate a second virtual address in a second address space, and transmitting a modified memory request including the second virtual address to a second memory management unit. The second memory management unit is configured to translate the second virtual address to generate a physical address in a third address space. The physical address is associated with a location in a memory.

The present disclosure is directed towards a medical instrument. The medical instrument includes a housing and an end effector assembly operably connected to the housing. The end effector assembly includes first and second jaw members each having a tissue contacting surface, at least one of the first and second jaw members movable between a first, spaced-apart position and a second proximate position, wherein in the second position, the jaw members cooperate to define a cavity configured to receive tissue between the jaw members. The end effector also includes at least one light-emitting element coupled to at least one of the first and second jaw members, the at least one light-emitting element adapted to deliver light energy to tissue grasped between the first and second jaw members to treat the tissue.

In an embodiment, an apparatus and method are described for ablating tissue in response to determining a fluorescence condition. An excitation light source may produce excitation light at a excitation wavelength of a fluorophore. A beam scanner may direct the excitation light towards a tissue location. A fluorophore may produce emission light in response to absorbing the excitation light. A camera may capture an image of the tissue location. In response to the image indicating emission light at the tissue location, an ablation light source may produce ablation light. The beam scanner may direct the ablation light towards the tissue location. Additionally or alternatively, a topography map may be generated and certain aspects of the apparatus and/or the method may be adjusted based on the topography map.

Methods for treating dermal infection in an appendage of a mammal can include removing, such as by grinding off, a first nail portion of an appendage a mammal to expose a second nail portion of the appendage. A laser absorbing compound can be applied to the second nail portion of the appendage. The second nail portion can be irradiated with a laser of a treatment system to selectively heat the laser absorbing compound. Methods can also include applying a system for treating dermal fungal infection. A system can include a laser, an imaging unit for obtaining infection image data, and/or an alignment stage for receiving an infected portion of a mammal including the dermal fungal infection and aligning the infected portion of the mammal with the laser. A system can also include a control unit for controlling relative movement between the laser and the alignment stage.

Image-guided therapy of a tissue can utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or another medical imaging device to guide an instrument within the tissue. A workstation can actuate movement of the instrument, and can actuate energy emission and/or cooling of the instrument to effect treatment to the tissue. The workstation and/or an user of the workstation can be located outside a vicinity of an MRI device or other medical imaging device, and drive means for positioning the instrument can be located within the vicinity of the MRI device or the other medical imaging device. The instrument can be an MRI compatible laser or high-intensity focused ultrasound probe that provides thermal therapy to, e.g., a tissue in a brain of a patient.