A video service quality assessment method and apparatus, where a monitoring device is configured to: obtain an identifier of a to-be-monitored channel, an identifier of to-be-monitored user equipment, and configuration information of a video service transmission system; obtain a multicast video stream of the to-be-monitored channel based on the identifier of the to-be-monitored channel; obtain a retransmitted video stream based on the identifier of the to-be-monitored channel, the identifier of the to-be-monitored user equipment, and the configuration information of the video service transmission system; determine a to-be-assessed video stream based on the multicast video stream and the retransmitted video stream; parse the to-be-assessed video stream; and obtain an assessment result based on a parsing result and the configuration information of the video service transmission system.

An example device includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: receive tracking and sensor information from an extended reality (XR) client device; generate scene data using the tracking and sensor information, the scene data comprising one or more video frames of the video data; encode the video frames to form encoded video frames; perform a radio access network (RAN) simulation of delivering the encoded video frames via a radio access network; decode the encoded video frames delivered according to the RAN simulation to form decoded video frames; calculate values representing individual frame quality for each of the video frames from the generated one or more video frames and the decoded video frames; and determine an overall quality value from the values representing the individual frame quality for each of the video frames.

A video quality estimation apparatus (100) according to the present disclosure includes a first collection unit (101) configured to collect network quality information about a network pertaining to distribution of a video, a second collection unit (102) configured to collect video quality information about the video, and an estimation unit (103) configured to estimate a first bit rate corresponding to a resolution of the video based on the network quality information and the video quality information.

Systems and methods for dynamically multiplexing requested linear media channels and network data on forward link traffic streams of a communication link to a craft media delivery system are provided. Furthermore, systems and methods for receiving dynamically multiplexed requested linear media channels and network data on forward link traffic streams of a communication link by a craft media delivery system are also provided.

A video encoding device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may transmit an encoded frame with a frame sequence number using a transmission protocol. The video encoding device, an application on the video encoding device, and/or a protocol layer on the encoding device may detect a packet loss by receiving an error notification. The packet loss may be detected at the MAC layer. The packet loss may be signaled using spoofed packets, such as a spoofed NAM packet, a spoofed XR packet, or a spoofed ACK packet. A lost packet may be retransmitted at the MAC layer (e.g., by the encoding device or another device on the wireless path). Packet loss detection may be performed in uplink operations and/or downlink operations, and/or may be performed in video gaining applications via the cloud. The video encoding device may generate and send a second encoded frame based on the error notification.

A frame generation method includes: demodulating a digital broadcast signal that is based on a received digital broadcast wave; generating a packet including content information obtained in the demodulating; and generating a transmission frame including appended information and the packet. The appended information includes received information that is obtained in the demodulating. The received information is information other than the content information.

An example device includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: receive tracking and sensor information from an extended reality (XR) client device; generate scene data using the tracking and sensor information, the scene data comprising one or more video frames of the video data; encode the video frames to form encoded video frames; perform a radio access network (RAN) simulation of delivering the encoded video frames via a radio access network; decode the encoded video frames delivered according to the RAN simulation to form decoded video frames; calculate values representing individual frame quality for each of the video frames from the generated one or more video frames and the decoded video frames; and determine an overall quality value from the values representing the individual frame quality for each of the video frames.

Systems and methods for dynamically multiplexing requested linear media channels and network data on forward link traffic streams of a communication link to a craft media delivery system are provided. Furthermore, systems and methods for receiving dynamically multiplexed requested linear media channels and network data on forward link traffic streams of a communication link by a craft media delivery system are also provided.

A video encoding device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may transmit an encoded frame with a frame sequence number using a transmission protocol. The video encoding device, an application on the video encoding device, and/or a protocol layer on the encoding device may detect a packet loss by receiving an error notification. The packet loss may be detected at the MAC layer. The packet loss may be signaled using spoofed packets, such as a spoofed NACK packet, a spoofed XR packet, or a spoofed ACK packet. A lost packet may be retransmitted at the MAC layer (e.g., by the encoding device or another device on the wireless path). Packet loss detection may be performed in uplink operations and/or downlink operations, and/or may be performed in video gaining applications via the cloud. The video encoding device may generate and send a second encoded frame based on the error notification.

A video service quality assessment method and apparatus, where a monitoring device is configured to: obtain an identifier of a to-be-monitored channel, an identifier of to-be-monitored user equipment, and configuration information of a video service transmission system; obtain a multicast video stream of the to-be-monitored channel based on the identifier of the to-be-monitored channel; obtain a retransmitted video stream based on the identifier of the to-be-monitored channel, the identifier of the to-be-monitored user equipment, and the configuration information of the video service transmission system; determine a to-be-assessed video stream based on the multicast video stream and the retransmitted video stream; parse the to-be-assessed video stream; and obtain an assessment result based on a parsing result and the configuration information of the video service transmission system.