Described herein are systems, apparatus, and methods for precise placement and guidance of tools during a surgical procedure, particularly a spinal surgical procedure. The system features a portable robot arm with end effector for precise positioning of a surgical tool. The system requires only minimal training by surgeons/operators, is intuitive to use, and has a small footprint with significantly reduced obstruction of the operating table. The system works with existing, standard surgical tools, does not required increased surgical time or preparatory time, and safely provides the enhanced precision achievable by robotic-assisted systems.

A method comprises the steps of: imaging a patient anatomy; selecting an implant strategy for at least one bone fastener having a first member; registering the imaging of the patient anatomy with imaging of at least a portion of a robot; engaging the first member with tissue of the patient anatomy via robotic guidance according to the implant strategy; and subsequently, manipulating the patient anatomy. Systems, spinal constructs, implants and surgical instruments are disclosed.

Provided is an image processing device including a matching unit that performs matching processing between a predetermined pattern on a surface of a 3D model of a biological tissue including an operating site generated on the basis of a preoperative diagnosis image and a predetermined pattern on a surface of the biological tissue included in a captured image during surgery, a shift amount estimation unit that estimates an amount of deformation from a preoperative state of the biological tissue on the basis of a result of the matching processing and information regarding a three-dimensional position of a photographing region which is a region photographed during surgery on the surface of the biological tissue, and a 3D model update unit that updates the 3D model generated before surgery on the basis of the estimated amount of deformation of the biological tissue.

The present disclosure provides a method of medical procedure using augmented reality for superimposing a patient's medical images (e.g., CT or MRI) over a real-time camera view of the patient. Prior to the medical procedure, the patient's medical images are processed to generate a 3D model that represents a skin contour of the patient's body. The 3D model is further processed to generate a skin marker that comprises only selected portions of the 3D model. At the time of the medical procedure, 3D images of the patient's body are captured using a camera, which are then registered with the skin marker. Then, the patient's medical images can be superimposed over the real-time camera view that is presented to the person performing the medical procedure.

Provided in accordance with the present disclosure is a diagnostic and a therapeutic bronchoscopy system for localized delivery of medication within the lungs. Specifically, systems and methods are disclosed for creating a functional and anatomical map of the lungs, diagnosing a condition within the lungs, generating a treatment plan for a target site within the lungs, navigating to the target site, administering a treatment directly to the target site for immediate absorption within the target site, and assessing the efficacy of the treatment.

Disclosed is an image processing device for estimating a position of an endoscope in a model of the human airways using a first machine learning data architecture trained to determine a set of anatomic reference positions, said image processing device comprising a processing unit operationally connectable to an image capturing device of the endoscope, wherein the processing unit is configured to obtain a stream of recorded images; continuously analyse the recorded images of the stream of recorded images using the first machine learning data architecture to determine if an anatomic reference position of a subset of anatomic reference positions, from the set of anatomic reference positions, has been reached; and where it is determined that the anatomic reference position has been reached, update the endoscope position based on the anatomic reference position, and an endoscope system comprising an endoscope and an image processing device, a display unit comprising an image processing device, and a computer program product.

Disclosed is a method to remove distortion from a navigation system. The navigation system may be used to perform a procedure on a subject. The procedure may be any appropriate procedure. The navigation system may be used to account for the distortive effects of various conductive objects positioned near the subject on which the procedure is performed.

A surgical system for operating on a bone of a patient is described. The surgical system includes a reference device including one or more radiopaque markers, a first sensor configured to generate a first signal pertaining to orientation data of the reference device relative to a first coordinate system, a surgical instrument for coupling to an end effector, a second sensor configured to generate a second signal pertaining to orientation data of at least one of the end effector and the surgical instrument relative to a second coordinate system, and a navigation system. The navigation system is configured to determine an orientation of at least one of the end effector and the surgical instrument and superimpose a virtual representation of at least one of the end effector and the surgical instrument over the image based on the determined orientation and user input.

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for the perforation of a communication between the aorta and left atrium. The method includes introducing the apparatus, positioning the apparatus at a location along the aorta, and energizing the apparatus to create a perforation. For example, one method may include: introducing a flexible wire into the left atrium, advancing a dilator along the flexible wire to position the flexible wire adjacent a selected location along the aorta and energizing the flexible wire to create a perforation from the left atrium into the aorta.

A method and system to treat headaches in a patient by performing surgery via at least one nostril. Data from a computer tomography scan of at least one nasal cavity and one sinus cavity of the patient and a completed headache questionnaire are matched to at least one nasal/sinus surgery plan to operate on at least one of: a nasal septum, at least one sinus cavity and at least one turbinate of the patient. The surgery plan is executed by installing a topical local anesthetic and decongestant onto the at least one turbinate forming an anesthetized decongested nasal cavity; infusing an anesthetic into the anesthetized decongested nasal cavity of the patient; dilating the at least one sinus ostium; incising at least one of: a first mucosal flap or a second mucosal flap of the nasal septum of the anesthetized decongested nasal cavity to expose deviated septal cartilage and bone; removing deviated cartilage and/or bone of the nasal septum; fracturing the at least one turbinate laterally away from the nasal septum; inspecting between the first mucosal flap and the second mucosal flap for a residual broken bone, a residual segment of cartilage or combinations thereof, surgically closing the first mucosal flap and the second mucosal flap of the nasal septum; and suctioning unwanted matter from the anesthetized decongested nasal cavity. An interactive system guides the surgery and provides a record thereof.