Implants for vertebral body or functional spinal unit replacement comprise a bioactive surface roughening on one or more of the anterior, posterior, and lateral surfaces of the implant. The bioactive surface includes macro-, micro-, and nano-scale structural features that contact vertebral bone that lines a specialized channel in a vertebrae, and thereby facilitate bone growth and osteointegration of the implant with the vertebral bone.

Fabrication methods and structures for medical devices having selective surface modulation are provided.

An implant stabilizes two adjacent bones of a joint, while enabling a natural kinematic relative movement of the bones. Support components are connected to each bone of the joint, and a flexible core is interposed between them. The core and at least one of the support components are provided with a smooth sliding surface upon which the core and support component may slide relative to each other, enabling a corresponding movement of the bones. The surfaces may have a mating curvature, to mimic a natural movement of the joint. The core is resilient, and may bend or compress, enabling the bones to move towards each other, and or to bend relative to each other.

Methods of inserting and retaining interbody fusion material are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include inserting an anchored implant comprising a bone anchoring portion and an engagement portion. A method may also include inserting at least one bone fusion material within a disc space between two adjacent vertebral bodies. In some embodiments, a method includes driving the bone anchoring portion into an outer surface of at least one of the adjacent vertebral bodies and recessing the bone anchoring portion within the outer surface of the at least one adjacent vertebral body.

An implant stabilizes two adjacent bones of a joint, while enabling a natural kinematic relative movement of the bones. Support components are connected to each bone of the joint, and a flexible core is interposed between them. The core and at least one of the support components are provided with a smooth sliding surface upon which the core and support component may slide relative to each other, enabling a corresponding movement of the bones. The surfaces may have a mating curvature, to mimic a natural movement of the joint. The core is resilient, and may bend or compress, enabling the bones to move towards each other, and or to bend relative to each other.

Implants for vertebral body or functional spinal unit replacement comprise a bioactive surface roughening on one or more of the anterior, posterior, and lateral surfaces of the implant. The bioactive surface includes macro-, micro-, and nano-scale structural features that contact vertebral bone that lines a specialized channel in a vertebrae, and thereby facilitate bone growth and osteointegration of the implant with the vertebral bone.

A surgical implant having a plastic (e.g., PEEK) component having an exposed surface, wherein at least a portion of the exposed surface has a plurality of parallel microgrooves that (i) enhance bone growth and osseointegration with adjacent bone and, after the osseointegration, (ii) increase pull-out force of the surgical implant from the adjacent bone. In certain embodiments, the microgrooves have widths of less than or equal to 12 micrometers, depths of less than or equal to 12 micrometers, crests of less than or equal to 12 micrometers, and a periodicity of less than or equal to 24 micrometers.

A medical implant has a hierarchical surface roughness and includes an implant body, which includes a combination of meso-scale surface features, micro-scale surface features, and nano-scale surface features.

A surgical implant having a surface treatment which contains primary cavities and secondary cavities. The primary cavities are larger than the secondary cavities and the primary cavities have an average length ranging from 20-500 micrometers. The surface treatment includes recasted material adjacent to a plurality of the primary cavities.

Medical devices in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention employ one or more coaxial screw gear sleeve mechanisms. In various embodiments, coaxial screw gear sleeve mechanisms include a post with a threaded exterior surface and a corresponding sleeve configured to surround the post, the corresponding sleeve having a threaded interior surface configured to interface with the threaded exterior surface of the post and a geared exterior surface. A drive mechanism can be configured to interface with the geared exterior surface of the sleeve, causing the device to expand.