An idea used herein is to use the same function for the dependency of the context and the dependency of the symbolization parameter on previously coded/decoded transform coefficients. Using the same function–with varying function parameter–may even be used with respect to different transform block sizes and/or frequency portions of the transform blocks in case of the transform coefficients being spatially arranged in transform blocks. A further variant of this idea is to use the same function for the dependency of a symbolization parameter on previously coded/decoded transform coefficients for different sizes of the current transform coefficient’s transform block, different information component types of the current transform coefficient’s transform block and/or different frequency portions the current transform coefficient is located within the transform block.

Example techniques are described for coding video data by obtaining a block of video data, obtaining an adaptive parameter set, determining a set of adaptive loop filter parameters for a plurality of filters for the block of video data based on the adaptive parameter set, wherein a plurality of adaptive loop parameters of the set of adaptive loop filter parameters are signaled using the same signaling parameter for each of the plurality of filters of the adaptive parameter set, and coding the block of video data using the set of adaptive loop filter parameters. The example techniques can be performed as part of an encoding or decoding process and/or by an encoder or a decoder.

A system utilizing a high throughput coding mode for CABAC in HEVC is described. The system may include an electronic device configured to obtain a block of data to be encoded using an arithmetic based encoder; to generate a sequence of syntax elements using the obtained block; to compare an Absolute-3 value of the sequence or a parameter associated with the Absolute-3 value to a preset value; and to convert the Absolute-3 value to a codeword using a first code or a second code that is different than the first code, according to a result of the comparison.

Provided is a method of decoding coefficients included in image data, the method including determining a Rice parameter for a current coefficient, based on a base level of the current coefficient; parsing coefficient level information indicating a size of the current coefficient from a bitstream by using the determined Rice parameter; and identifying the size of the current coefficient by de-binarizing the coefficient level information by using the determined Rice parameter.

A system utilizing a high throughput coding mode for CABAC in HEVC is described. The system may include an electronic device configured to obtain a block of data to be encoded using an arithmetic based encoder; to generate a sequence of syntax elements using the obtained block; to compare an Absolute-3 value of the sequence or a parameter associated with the Absolute-3 value to a preset value; and to convert the Absolute-3 value to a codeword using a first code or a second code that is different than the first code, according to a result of the comparison.

Provided is an encoding/decoding technique according to which it is possible to perform encoding with a small average bit count, even for a series of integer values with a distribution that is significantly biased to a small value, including small values that are not zero values. The present invention includes an integer encoding unit that, for an input series of non-negative values x.sub.n, n∈{1, 2, . . . , N} (hereinafter referred to as “integer series”), obtains a one-bit code with a bit value of “x” as a code corresponding to L consecutive integer values 0 included in the integer series, L being an integer that is 2 or more, and obtains a K×x.sub.n-bit or a K×x.sub.n+1-bit code that includes at least one bit value “x” and at least one bit value “y” in the first bit to the K-th bit and in which the bit values of the K×(x.sub.n−1) bits from the end are “y”, as a code corresponding to a set composed of 0 to L−1 consecutive integer values 0 included in the integer series and one integer value x.sub.n other than 0.

A method for adapting a trained neural network is provided. Input data is input to the trained neural network and a plurality of filters are applied to generate a plurality of channels of activation data. Differences between corresponding activation values in the plurality of channels of activation data are calculated and an order of the plurality of channels is determined based on the calculated differences. The neural network is adapted so that it will output channels of activation data in the determined order. The ordering of the channels of activation data is subsequently used to compress activation data values by taking advantage of a correlation between activation data values in adjacent channels.

A sequence of integer values is encoded and decoded with a number of bits of a decimal value substantially assigned per sample or/and with a smaller memory amount or calculation processing amount than in the prior art. The encoder receives the sequence of integer values as input and outputs an integer code corresponding to the sequence of integer values. An integer transformer (11) obtains one integer value (transformed integer) through algebraically-representable bijective transformation for each of a plurality of sets of integer values included in the inputted sequence of integer values. An integer encoder (12) encodes the transformed integer to thereby obtain an integer code.

A method for decoding a picture performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure includes receiving a bitstream including residual information, deriving a quantized transform coefficient for a current block based on the residual information included in the bitstream, deriving a transform coefficient from the quantized transform coefficient based on a dequantization process, deriving a residual sample for the current block by applying an inverse transform to the derived transform coefficient, and generating a reconstructed picture based on the residual sample for the current block.

Methods, devices and systems for signaling the use of subpictures in coded video pictures are described. One example method of video processing includes performing a conversion between a video and a bitstream of a video, wherein the bitstream conforms to a format rule, wherein the format rule specifies that a first syntax element signaled in a sequence parameter set (SPS) of the bitstream is indicative of a length of identifiers of subpictures in the SPS, and wherein the signaling of the first syntax element is independent of a value of a second syntax element that is indicative of explicit signaling of the identifiers of the subpictures in the SPS or a picture parameter set (PPS).