Provided is a communication system for supporting higher data rates. A method by which a user equipment selects a beam for transceiving data to or from a base station in an initial access mode is provided. The method includes determining a first receive-beam-parameter including information about the number of receive antennas to be used for first beam searching, receiving, from the BS, a first transmit-beam-parameter including information about the number of transmit antennas to be used for the first beam searching, receiving first RS identified based on the first transmit-beam-parameter while changing a receive beam based on the first receive-beam-parameter, selecting a transmit beam and a receive beam to be used for data transmission and reception, based on the received first RS, and transmitting information about the transmit beam to the BS.

A terminal device including circuitry configured to perform: measuring, for each candidate positioning beam pair of a first subset of candidate positioning beam pairs, at least one respective positioning reference signal metric, wherein each candidate positioning beam pair represents a combination of a respective receive beam of the terminal device and a respective transmit beam of a respective network node of one or more network nodes; estimating, for each candidate positioning beam pair of a second subset of candidate positioning beam pairs, at least one respective positioning reference signal metric at least partially based on the measured positioning reference signal metrics; selecting one or more candidate positioning beam pairs as positioning beam pairs for downlink positioning.

The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, directed to configuration of a beamforming vector using an estimated covariance matrix, which may reduce latency commensurate with a beam training procedure. In some aspects, an apparatus may receive, from another apparatus, information indicating a configured subset of a set of TX beams at the other apparatus. The other apparatus may transmit pilot signals via the configured subset of the set of TX beams. The apparatus may transmit, to the other apparatus, an accumulated signal strength value associated with a set of signal strength values measured using received pilot signals. The apparatus may estimate a channel covariance matrix using the accumulated signal strength value, and may calculate a beamforming vector from the channel covariance matrix. The apparatus and the other apparatus may perform a beam training procedure using respective beamforming vectors.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device (e.g., a user equipment and/or base station) may operate in a first mode in a wireless network over a radio frequency spectrum band. The wireless device may receive a signal indicating that a value of the radio frequency spectrum band has satisfied a threshold value. The wireless device may switch, based at least in part on the signal indicating that the value has satisfied the threshold value, from the first mode to a second mode for wireless communications in the wireless network, wherein a first length of a first synchronization signal block associated with the first mode is shorter than a second length of a second synchronization signal block associated with the second mode.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE), such as a UE associated with an extended reality (XR) device, may obtain frame data from one or more cameras associated with the UE. The UE may determine a path of a beam providing communication between the UE and a base station, determine a location of a base station in communication with the UE, or both, where the base station location may be relative to a location of the UE. The UE may identify, based on the frame data, the path of the beam, the base station location, the UE location, or a combination thereof, a physical blockage to the communication. The UE may perform beam management for the communication based on identifying the physical blockage, so as to mitigate the impact the physical blockage may have on the communications between the UE and the base station.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for beam selection and reporting in a wireless communication system to enhance latency reduction for Downlink (DL)/Uplink (UL) beam selection and activation. A User Equipment (UE) can monitor Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) on multiple Control Resource Sets (CORESETs) in a first cell, transmit a signaling to a network, wherein the signaling indicates information of a first beam, and monitor PDCCH on the multiple CORESETs via the first beam based on the signaling.

This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for beam selection and codebook learning techniques based on XR perception information. A UE may receive sensor information indicative of a direction of a current serving beam relative to the UE. The UE may be configured to communicate with a base station based on a BPL associated with the direction of the current serving beam. The UE may perform a measurement for the base station and the UE to communicate over the BPL based on the sensor information indicating that the direction of the current serving beam relative to the UE is different from a previous serving beam direction relative to the UE.

Method and BS are provided for beam alignment. In particular, a BS can determine a transmitting configuration according to a reference transmitting configuration associated with a common coordinate transformation matrix. The BS can transmit a plurality of symbols to a UE based on the transmitting configuration for the UE to derives a matrix associated with a channel matrix.

This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for assisted mmW sidelink beam discovery in non-standalone mode. A UE may transmit, to an AN, a request to access one or more ADs. The request may be based on an absence of at least one BPL that has a threshold QoS for a DRB with a second UE. The UE may receive, from the AN based on the transmitted request, an authorization to access the one or more ADs, and exchange, via an SRB, beam training information with the second UE based on the authorization to access the one or more ADs for performing a beam training procedure via the one or more ADs.

A measurement method and a terminal device are provided. The method includes: the terminal device clusters at least two transmission (TX) beams based on TX beam historical information of the at least two TX beams, to obtain several TX beam categories; and the terminal device determines a target TX-RX beam pair based on the several TX beam categories and at least one receiving RX beam.