A method and system for generating an extended range (ER) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) is disclosed. The PPDU has a legacy portion of the ER PPDU which comprises one or more of a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a universal signaling (U-SIG) field and an ER portion of the ER PPDU which is appended to the legacy portion. The ER portion comprises one or more repetitions of a ER short training field (ER-STF), a ER long training field (ER-LTF), a ER-signal (ER-SIG) field, and a ER data field. In an example, signals indicative of the one or more repetitions for a same field are combined by a receiver to increase a signal to noise ratio of a field.

This application discloses midamble indication and receiving methods and apparatuses. In the method, a first device sends midamble indication information to a second device, where a duration of a midamble indicated by the midamble indication information is greater than or equal to a threshold, and the threshold is related to a processing capability of the second device; and the second device receives the midamble according to the indication information.

A method of transmitting demodulation reference signals (DMRS) over one, three or five resource blocks (RBs) with Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access (IFDMA) from a wireless device to a wireless network node in a wireless network wherein Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDMA) is deployed in uplink, is provided. At least one of: a set of base sequences including thirty quadrature phase shifting keying, QPSK, sequences of length 6, 18 or 30 is determined, a demodulation reference signal sequence is derived from the determined set of base sequences, the demodulation reference signal sequence is multiplexed, and the multiplexed demodulation reference signal sequence is transmitted, by the wireless device, to the wireless network node.

This application provides information sending and receiving methods and apparatuses. This application provides a new PPDU format. In some instances, a long training sequence in the new PPDU format is orthogonal to a legacy long training sequence or orthogonal to a high throughput long training sequence. By using this long training sequence, a format of a PPDU can be automatically detected, so as to further process the PPDU according to a network standard corresponding to the format of the PPDU. In addition, when a target long training field is read, the format of the PPDU can be detected, thereby, in at least some implementations, saving time for detecting the format of the PPDU, improving efficiency of detecting the format of the PPDU, and completing a task of detecting the format of the PPDU as early as possible.

Embodiments of a tunable radio frequency (RF) diplexer and methods of duplexing transmission and receive signals are disclosed. In one embodiment, the RF diplexer includes a first hybrid coupler, a second hybrid coupler, and an RF filter circuit, and a phase inversion component. Both the RF filter circuit and the phase inversion component are connected between the first hybrid coupler and the second hybrid coupler. In some embodiments, the phase inversion component is provided by the RF filter circuit, while in other embodiments, the phase inversion component is provided separately. The phase inversion component is configured to provide a differential phase shift. The benefit of introducing the differential phase shift is that it provides increased isolation and broadband isolation between the different frequency bands being diplexed by the RF diplexer.

Systems and methods for efficient estimation of a most likely sequence are provided. In one embodiment, an electronic device includes most likely receiver circuitry that receives a convolutional encoded signal, generates a linearized representation of the convolutional encoded Gaussian minimum-shift keying signal, resulting in a pseudo-symbol stream, estimates a most likely sequence for the pseudo-symbol stream, and decodes the pseudo-symbol stream based upon the most likely sequence.

Embodiments of a tunable radio frequency (RF) diplexer and methods of operating the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the RF diplexer includes a first hybrid coupler, a second hybrid coupler, an RF filter circuit, and a phase inversion component. Both the RF filter circuit and the phase inversion component are connected between the first hybrid coupler and the second hybrid coupler. The phase inversion component is configured to provide approximately a differential phase. The RF filter circuit is configured to provide a passband and a notch. The RF filter circuit is tunable to provide the notch on both a high-frequency side of the passband and a low frequency side of the passband. Accordingly, the tunable RF diplexer provides lower insertion losses and higher isolation regardless of whether the one of the diplexed frequency bands is set at higher frequencies or lower frequencies than the other diplexed frequency band.

In a WLAN, a device generates a short training field and a long training field following the short training field. The device generates a first signal field following the long training field, and the first signal field includes a mode field for indicating a transmission mode of a frame to be transmitted and a check bit for protecting at least the mode field. The device transmits the frame including the short training field, the long training field, and the first signal field.

This application provides information sending and receiving methods and apparatuses, and belongs to the field of communications technologies. This application provides a new PPDU format. A long training sequence in the new PPDU format is orthogonal to a legacy long training sequence or orthogonal to a high throughput long training sequence. By using this long training sequence, a format of a PPDU can be automatically detected, so as to further process the PPDU according to a network standard corresponding to the format of the PPDU. In addition, when a target long training field is read, the format of the PPDU can be detected, thereby saving time for detecting the format of the PPDU, improving efficiency of detecting the format of the PPDU, and completing a task of detecting the format of the PPDU as early as possible.

A wireless communication method includes phase shift amount determination processing for determining a random phase shift amount for each of streams of transmission data. The wireless communication method further includes modulation processing for modulating the transmission data and further shifting a phase according to the random phase shift amount for each of the streams. The wireless communication method further includes precoding processing for performing precoding on the transmission data after the modulation processing, and transmission processing for transmitting the transmission data after the precoding processing from the transmission device to the reception device.