This application provides a synchronization signal sending method and receiving method, and an apparatus. In the method, a base station determines a frequency domain position of a target frequency resource based on a frequency interval of synchronization channels, wherein the frequency interval of synchronization channels is 2.sup.m times a predefined frequency resource of a physical resource block, and m is a preset nonnegative integer. The base station sends a synchronization signal by using the target frequency resource.

Communication systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments of the invention utilize modulation on zeros. Carrier frequency offsets (CFO) can result in an unknown rotation of all zeros of a received signal's z-transform. Therefore, a binary MOCZ scheme (BMOCZ) can be utilized in which the modulated binary data is encoded using a cycling register code (e.g. CPC or ACPC), enabling receivers to determine cyclic shifts in the BMOCZ symbol resulting from a CFO. Receivers in accordance with several embodiments of the invention include decoders capable of decoding information bits from received discrete-time baseband signals by: estimating a timing offset for the received signal; determining a plurality of zeros of a z-transform of the received symbol; identifying zeros from the plurality of zeros that encode received bits by correcting fractional rotations resulting from the CFO; and decoding information bits based upon the received bits using a cycling register code.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may identify an indication of an amount of remaining energy for the UE. In some cases, the UE may identify an indication of a temperature of the UE. In some cases, the UE may determine a constraint indicator based on the amount of remaining energy for the UE or the temperature of the UE. The UE may then transmit the constraint indicator to a base station via physical layer signaling. According to another embodiment, the UE may determine an alternative transmission mode based on the amount of remaining energy for the UE or the temperature of the UE. The UE may then transmit an indicator of the alternative transmission mode to the base station via physical layer signaling.

The present disclosure discloses an information reporting method and information determining method, a terminal and a network device. The method includes: determining PDCCH blind decoding capability information of the terminal; wherein the PDCCH blind decoding capability information indicates a maximum processing capability of the terminal to perform blind decoding on the PDCCH within a first unit time and a maximum processing capability of the terminal to perform blind decoding on the PDCCH within a second unit time; the first unit time is greater than the second unit time; reporting the PDCCH blind decoding capability information to a network device. The present disclosure is applied to PDCCH blind decoding.

A method and device for timing alignment are disclosed. The method includes widening spectra of two signals for timing misalignment estimation; performing cross-correlation between the two spectrum-widened signals; and estimating the timing misalignment between the two signals according to a result of the cross-correlation. Therefore, an accurate time alignment result will be obtained with low complexity. Furthermore, it will be appropriate for all types of signals including separated multi-carrier signals.

A Long Range (LoRa) communication system with an improved data rate and method thereof are provided. When a packet to be transmitted is received, a transmission device determines a transmission scheme. When the determined transmission scheme is an enhanced transmission scheme, the transmission device transmits a preamble signal indicating that a packet is to be transmitted using the enhanced transmission scheme, converts n-th data of the packet to an up-chirp signal, converts (n+1)-th data of the packet to a down-chirp signal, generates a transmission signal by adding the n-th data converted to the up-chirp signal and the (n+1)-th data converted to the down-chirp signal, and transmits the transmission signal to a reception device.

A transmission method is provided for a communication system in which communications using a plurality of communication methods having different transmission parameters are performed at the same frequency (in frequency bands that at least partially overlap with each other). The transmission method includes: generating a first symbol group that includes a control symbol for causing a communication partner apparatus to recognize that communication using a first communication method is to be performed and a second symbol group that includes a data symbol for the first communication method; transmitting the first symbol group at a first transmit power; and transmitting the second symbol group at a second transmit power that is smaller than the first transmit power.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive configuration information for a plurality of carriers, wherein a number of carriers, of the plurality of carriers, exceeds a threshold associated with a monitoring capability of the UE, wherein the monitoring capability is for span-based monitoring of the plurality of carriers, wherein a distribution of at least one of a plurality of non-overlapped control channel elements (CCEs) or a plurality of blind decodes satisfies a per-span capability of the UE, wherein the distribution is among a plurality of sets of carriers, and wherein each set of carriers of the plurality of sets of carriers is associated with a respective subcarrier spacing and a respective span configuration. The UE may receive communications on the plurality of carriers in accordance with the distribution. Numerous other aspects are described.

This application provides a synchronization signal sending method and receiving method, and an apparatus. In the method, a base station determines a frequency domain position of a target frequency resource based on a frequency interval of synchronization channels, wherein the frequency interval of synchronization channels is 2.sup.m times a predefined frequency resource of a physical resource block, and m is a preset nonnegative integer. The base station sends a synchronization signal by using the target frequency resource.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least two transmission-reception beam pairs for control information between a terminal and a base station are set, and the terminal performs a blind detection for the control information by using the at least two transmission-reception beam pairs, thereby enabling the control information to be more strongly and efficiently transmitted and received.