An apparatus for wireless communication selects a recommendation for the need. The apparatus selects the resource to transmit a phase tracking reference signal based on a condition of a communication system. The apparatus performs at least one of transmitting an indication of the selected recommendation for the resource to a second wireless communication device or transmitting at least one of information or a reference signal to the second device to assist the second device in determining the resource. In an aspect, the selection may be made based on receiving a request for a recommendation from the second wireless communication device or the transmitting the at least one of the information or the reference signal are based on a request received.

A synchronisation symbol detector that comprises two correlation modules and a comparison module. The first correlation module performs one or more correlations between the input signal and a down-converted version of the input signal and generates a first correlation metric from the one or more first correlations. The second correlation module performs one or more second correlations between the input signal and an up-converted version of the input signal and generates a second correlation metric from the one or more second correlations. The comparison module is configured to compare the first correlation metric and the second correlation metric and determine whether the input signal comprises a synchronisation symbol based on the comparison.

Systems and methods are disclosed and include a method that includes adding a training symbol prefix to an OFDM symbol frame, the prefix including a plurality of training symbols, each including N sub-symbol fields. N/2 of the sub-symbol fields are zero valued, and N/2 of the sub-symbol fields carry corresponding symbols of a N/2 sub-symbol pseudo random training symbol. A first half of the pseudo random training symbol is symmetrical to a second half of the pseudo random training symbol. An OFDM N-sub-carrier transmission carries the prefix as signal power on a first N/2 of its N sub-carriers and suppresses signal power on a second N/2 of the sub-carriers. The first N/2 and second N/2 sub-carriers alternate in the frequency domain.

Fourier transform is performed on a reception signal to obtain a first calculation value. Fourier transform is performed on a known signal to obtain a second calculation value. The first calculation value is divided by the second calculation value to obtain a third calculation value. Inverse Fourier transform is performed on the third calculation value to obtain a fourth calculation value. A maximum value of an amplitude of the fourth calculation value and a sample point at which the maximum value is obtained are detected. The position of the known signal in the reception signal is detected from the sample point at which the maximum value is obtained.

A method of synchronising a communication signal entering into a receiver. Each frame of the signal includes a learning symbol formed of N repetitions of a learning sequence. The method includes the determination of a total correlation signal by correlating the input signal with a correlation symbol formed of N repetitions of a correlation sequence corresponding to all or part of the learning sequence and duration t.sub.sc, and the determination of a partial correlation signal by correlating the input signal with the correlation sequence. A peak of the total correlation signal is identified at an instant t.sub.pct. At least one threshold is defined from the power of the peak of the total correlation signal, and the power of the partial correlation signal is compared here to the instants t.sub.pctk*t.sub.sc, with k a whole number between 0 and N1.

Embodiments of the present application provide a random access sequence generation method, and an apparatus. The method includes: generating, by a base station, notification signaling, where the notification signaling includes indication information, the indication information is used to instruct user equipment UE to select a shift sequence number from a range of 0 to $\left(n_{\mathrm{shift}}^{\mathrm{RA}}{n}_{\mathrm{group}}^{\mathrm{RA}}+{\stackrel{\_}{n}}_{\mathrm{shift}}^{\mathrm{RA}}+{\stackrel{\_}{\stackrel{\_}{n}}}_{\mathrm{shift}}^{\mathrm{RA}}+{\stackrel{\_}{\stackrel{\_}{\stackrel{\_}{n}}}}_{\mathrm{shift}}^{\mathrm{RA}}-1\right),$
the shift sequence number is an integer, n.sub.shift.sup.RA is a quantity of UE candidate sequence shifts in a group, n.sub.group.sup.RA is a quantity of groups, n.sub.shift.sup.RA is a quantity of UE candidate sequence shifts in the last length that is insufficient for a group, n.sub.shift.sup.RA is a quantity of UE candidate sequence shifts in first remaining sequence shifts, and is a quantity of UE candidate sequence shifts in second remaining sequence shifts; and sending, by the base station, the notification signaling to the UE, so that the UE generates a random access sequence according to the indication information.

A system for use with an OFDM-receiver. The system comprising a frequency-offset-correction-block; and a sub-band-demapping-block. The sub-band-demapping-block is configured to receive an input-signal and determine within the input signal: one or more allocated-frequency-sub-bands allocated to convey an information-signal; and one or more unallocated-frequency-sub-bands. The sub-band-demapping-block can then provide the allocated-frequency-sub-bands and the unallocated-frequency-sub-bands to the frequency-offset-correction-block. The frequency-offset-correction-block is configured to: receive a frequency-offset-estimation-signal representative of a frequency-offset-error of the input-signal relative to a local oscillator of the OFDM-receiver; and apply a frequency-correction-algorithm to the allocated-frequency-sub-bands and at least a subset of the unallocated-frequency-sub-bands, based on the frequency-offset-estimation-signal, to produce a frequency-corrected-signal which compensates for the frequency-offset-error of the input-signal.

Exemplary embodiments include methods adjusting transmission timing of a wireless communication device (UE) operating in a network comprising first and second base stations (BS). The methods include determining a first allowable timing adjustment range corresponding to an uplink (UL) connection between the UE and the first BS. The methods include determining a second allowable timing adjustment range corresponding to a supplementary uplink (SUL) connection between the UE and the second BS, wherein the SUL connection is not associated with a DL connection between the UE and the second BS. The methods include determining if a single timing advance (TA) value can be used to adjust the UEs transmission timing to satisfy both the first and second ranges, and performing a corrective action if it is determined that said single TA value cannot be used. Embodiments also include first and second BS, and UEs, configured to perform various aspects of the exemplary methods.

Concepts and technologies are disclosed herein for an installation location noise floor evaluation device. The device can be configured to receive a radio frequency signal emitted by a radio frequency device that emits a radio frequency signal that can enter into an installation location and detect a radio frequency noise floor associated with the installation location based on the radio frequency signal. The installation location noise floor evaluation device can compare the radio frequency noise floor to a noise floor threshold associated with an operating frequency of a device, generating an indication that indicates an outcome of the comparing, and output the indicator.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed for transmitting a signal on the basis of a competition-based non-orthogonal multiple access scheme, by means of a terminal in a wireless communication system. At this time, the method for transmitting a signal comprises: a step of transmitting a first codeword on the basis of the competition-based NoMA scheme; a step of receiving a negative response to the first codeword transmission from a base station; a step of selecting a second codeword, taking into account a magnitude vector and a correlation of the first codeword; and a step of transmitting the selected second codeword on the basis of the competition-based NoMA scheme.