A bone implant for enclosing bone material is provided. The bone implant comprises a woven or knit mesh having an inner surface and an outer surface opposing the inner surface and configured to receive a bone material when the inner surface of the mesh is in an open configuration. A plurality of projections are disposed on or in at least a portion of the inner surface of the mesh, the outer surface of the mesh or both the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh, the plurality of projections extending from at least the portion of the inner surface, the outer surface or both the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh and are configured to engage a section of the inner or outer surfaces of the mesh or both in a closed configuration so as to enclose the bone material.

An interbody spacer for spinal fusion surgery includes first and second opposite side walls that have open-cell metal foam at upper and lower faces, and a three-dimensional lattice disposed between open-cell metal foam at the upper and lower faces. The open-cell metal foam is in communication with the three-dimensional lattice so that bone growth can enter the three-dimensional lattice from the open-cell metal foam. The interbody spacer may be formed by additive manufacturing.

Various surgical tools having a movable handle mechanism including a positioning handle are disclosed. The movable handle mechanism may be configured to move forward and backward in a longitudinal direction along the housing and rotate clockwise and counterclockwise around the housing. In various embodiments, the housing may include a plurality of channels and each channel may have at least one detent. The movable handle mechanism may be configured to securely couple to the housing via one channel of the plurality of channels and one detent of the plurality of detents. At least one surgical tool may include a drill having an angled tip portion and a sleeve configured to protect adjacent structures from lateral edges of the drill bit when the drill bit is rotating. Another surgical tool may include a screwdriver having an elastic retaining clip configured to progressively release a bone screw therein at an extraction force.

Apparatus and methods for treating a spinal body having an interior. The method may include augmenting a height of the spinal body by radially expanding a first mesh cage in the interior. The method may include removing the first cage from the interior. The method may include supporting the spinal body in an elevated position by radially expanding a second mesh cage in the interior. The method may also include surgically enclosing the second cage in the interior.

Proposed is a spinal cage. The spinal cage includes a bone support portion configured to be disposed between a first vertebra at an upper side and a second vertebra at a lower side to support the first vertebra, a base portion positioned at a lower side of the bone support portion to come in contact with the second vertebra, and a sidewall portion which has an upper side end connected to an edge of the bone support portion and a lower side end connected to an edge of the base portion and includes an elastic band having elasticity and inelastic bands having relatively lower elasticity or no elasticity. Therefore, subsidence of the spinal cage into vertebrae can be suppressed.

This application describes an implantable device for tissue repair comprising at least two fabrics with interconnecting spacer elements transversing, connecting, and separating the fabrics, forming the device. Some embodiments have fixation points which can be an extension of at least one of the fabrics. The implantable device allows modification of the two fabrics having varying constructions, chemistries, and physical properties. The spacer elements create a space between the two fabrics, which can be used for the loading of biological materials (peptides, proteins, cells, tissues), offer compression resistance (i.e. stiffness), and compression recovery (i.e., return to original dimensions) following deformation and removal of deforming load. The inclusive fixation points of the fabrics are designed to allow for fine adjustment of the sizing and tension of the device to promote integration with the surrounding tissues as well as maximize the compressive resistance. The fixation points can include either the first fabric, the second fabric, or the combination of both fabrics. This device is suitable for soft and hard tissue regeneration or replacement with a preference for musculoskeletal tissues including but not limited to cartilage (including hyaline (referred to as articular; e.g. cartilage on the ends of long bones), fibrous (e.g. meniscus or intervertebral discs), elastic (e.g. ear, epiglottis)), bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, and fat.

A spinal fusion bone scaffold having a first member including a first base plate and a first plurality of struts each having a first end engaging the first base plate and a second, free end. The first plurality of struts is configured to form at least part of a hyperbolic curve such that said bone scaffold includes an overall optimized hyperboloid shape having an outer diameter and an inner waist diameter. The scaffold may include a second member including a second plurality of struts each having a first end and a second end, each of the second plurality of struts being configured to form at least part of the hyperbolic curve. The scaffold includes connecting means for connecting said second member to said first member, which are aligned so as to complete the hyperbolic curve while generating hyperboloid geometry of the bone scaffold.

Bone implants, including methods of use and assembly. The bone implants, which are optionally composite implants, generally include a distal anchoring region and a growth region that is proximal to the distal anchoring region. The distal anchoring region can have one or more distal surface features that adapt the distal anchoring region for anchoring into iliac bone. The growth region can have one or more growth features that adapt the growth region to facilitate at least one of bony on-growth, in-growth, or through-growth. The implants may be positioned along a posterior sacral alar-iliac (“SAI”) trajectory. The implants may be coupled to one or more bone stabilizing constructs, such as rod elements thereof.

Intersomatic cage for vertebral stabilization, including a generally prismatic body having an outer rigid framework in the form of a truss within which at least one insert incorporating slow prolonged release substances selected from the classes of anti-inflammatory, anti-infection and bone regrowth promoter drugs is housed.

In some aspects, the present invention is a medical implant with an independent endplate structure that can stimulate bone or tissue growth in or around the implant. When used as a scaffold for bone growth, the inventive structure can increase the strength of new bone growth. The independent endplate structures generally include implants with endplates positioned on opposite sides of the implant and capable of movement independent of one another. In most examples, the endplates have a higher elastic modulus than that of the bulk of the implant to allow the use of an implant with a low elastic modulus, without risk of damage from the patient's bone.

A method of designing independent endplate implants is also disclosed, including ranges of elastic moduli for the endplates and bulk of the implant for given implant parameters. Implants with elastic moduli within the ranges disclosed herein can optimize the loading of new bone growth to provide increased bone strength.