Devices, systems, and methods for a robot-assisted surgery. Navigable instrumentation, which are capable of being navigated by a surgeon using the surgical robot system, and navigation software allow for the navigated placement of interbody fusion devices or other surgical devices. The interbody implant navigation may involve navigation of access instruments (e.g., dilators, retractors, ports), disc preparation instruments, trials, and inserters.

Proposed are an apparatus and method for spinal surgery planning, the spinal surgery planning method including: acquiring a two-dimensional (2D) spinal image of a patient through a medical imaging apparatus; calculating a registration relationship between coordinates in an image space and coordinates in a surgical space by registering the image space for the spinal image and the surgical space where spinal surgery is performed on the patient; generating a virtual three-dimensional (3D) figure in the surgical space; projecting the 3D figure onto the spinal image based on the registration relationship; adjusting the 3D figure so that the 3D figure can correspond to a predetermined landmark on the spinal image; and setting an insertion position and insertion path of a spinal prosthesis based on the spinal image and the 3D figure.

A surgical planning method carried out by a data processing apparatus that comprises determining a lateral force-distance characteristic for each of a plurality of knee flexion angles, determining a medial force-distance characteristic for each of the plurality of knee flexion angles, using a lateral force-distance characteristic to determine a lateral knee gap distance corresponding to a target force for at least one of the plurality of knee flexion angles, and using a medial force-displacement characteristic to determine a medial knee gap distance corresponding to a target force for at least one of the plurality of knee flexion angles. The method also comprises outputting the lateral knee gap distance corresponding to the target force and the medial knee gap distance corresponding to the target force as a function of knee flexion angle.

Devices, systems, and methods for a robot-assisted surgery. Navigable instrumentation, which are capable of being navigated by a surgeon using the surgical robot system, and navigation software allow for the navigated placement of interbody fusion devices or other surgical devices. The interbody implant navigation may involve navigation of access instruments (e.g., dilators, retractors, ports), disc preparation instruments, trials, and inserters.

Systems and methods are provided for determining acceptable ranges of pressures for use by a robotic arm on a surgical instrument, robotic systems and methods that are limited to using the acceptable ranges of pressures, and the medical devices for use in the robotic surgery. Learning software is included in the methods and systems for correlating manually-performed procedures with pressure sensors as a tactile gauge for qualifying the acceptable ranges of pressures for use by a robotic system. Robotic systems and methods are provided for (i) locating tissue borders of a surgical site, (ii) identifying a preferred pressure, and (iii) transmitting the data to the computer to avoid violating the integrity of tissue surrounding the surgical site.

Technologies for aligning an acetabular prosthetic component in a patient's surgically prepared acetabulum include a reference sensor module securable to the patient's bony anatomy, an inserter sensor module securable to an acetabular prosthetic component inserter, and a display module. Each sensor module generates sensor data indicative of the orientation of the sensor module and/or structures to which the sensor module is coupled. The display module receives the sensor data from the sensor modules, determines the orientation of the acetabular prosthetic component relative to the patient's bony anatomy, and displays indicia of the determined orientation on a display.

A method of evaluating a human joint including bones and ligaments under anatomical tension to connect the bones. The method includes: defining a primary datum oriented and fixed in six degrees of freedom; defining at least one secondary datum having fixed origins relative to one of the bones of the joint and relative to a tracking device affixed to the bone; providing an electronic receiving device; associating continuous position and orientation of the at least one secondary datums with respect to the primary datum; while moving the joint, using the electronic receiving device to collect data from the at least one tracking device, wherein the data includes information describing the position and movement in six degrees of freedom of the at least one secondary datum to produce a digital geometric model of at least a portion of the joint; and storing the digital geometric model for further use.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for robotic insertion of a screw, a rod, or another component of a surgical implant into a patient are disclosed. Synchronous insertion of screws is performed by multiple surgical robots or a single surgical robot having multiple arms and end effectors. The movements of each robotic arm are coordinated into position in preparation of the insertion of multiple surgical implant components at the same time or in the same surgical step. The insertion of the surgical implant components is performed while monitoring the insertion progress. The insertion is completed autonomously or in coordination with a surgeon.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for robotic insertion of a screw, a rod, or another component of a surgical implant into a patient are disclosed. Synchronous insertion of screws is performed by multiple surgical robots or a single surgical robot having multiple arms and end effectors. The movements of each robotic arm are coordinated into position in preparation of the insertion of multiple surgical implant components at the same time or in the same surgical step. The insertion of the surgical implant components is performed while monitoring the insertion progress. The insertion is completed autonomously or in coordination with a surgeon.

A system 100 or designing a surgical kit 700 for articulating surface repair in an anatomical joint of a patient is provided, which comprises at least one processor 120 configured to: determine damage to the anatomical joint; select, from a predefined set of implants having varying dimensions, the implant 300 that is the best fit for repairing the determined damage; select, from a predefined set of insert tools, the insert tool 720 corresponding to the selected implant 300; and design a contact surface 540 of a guide tool 500 to have a shape and contour that is designed to correspond to and to fit the contour of a predetermined area. This enables the use of standardized implants 300 that can be manufactured batch-wise, while still using an individualized guide tool 500 to ensure correct positioning of the implant 300. This helps ensuring that the implant will be positioned in the exact location of the determined damage.