An artificial foot and ankle joint consists of a curved leaf spring foot member having a heel extremity and a toe extremity, and a flexible elastic ankle member that connects the foot member for rotation at the ankle joint. An actuator motor applies torque to the ankle joint to orient the foot when it is not in contact with the support surface and to store energy in a catapult spring that is released along with the energy stored in the leaf spring to propel the wearer forward. A ribbon clutch prevents the foot member from rotating in one direction beyond a predetermined limit position. A controllable damper is employed to lock the ankle joint or to absorb mechanical energy as needed. The controller and sensing mechanisms control both the actuator motor and the controllable damper at different times during the walking cycle for level walking, stair ascent, and stair descent.

An upper-extremity prosthetic is adapted to engage with an athletic ball. The prosthetic includes one or more springs that provide energy return as a user is throwing the ball using the prosthetic. The springs can have a conductivity that changes in relation to an amount of strain or deformation of the spring. The change in conductivity can be used to provide haptic feedback to the user so the user can sense the amount of force being applied to throw the ball. In some embodiments, the springs are made by a multi-material 3D printing (additive manufacturing) process and include a first material that is electrically non-conductive and a second material that electrically conductive. In some embodiments, the prosthetic also includes one or more cantilevered springs that are also adapted to engage with the ball and to provide energy return while throwing the ball.

A powered ankle-foot prosthesis, capable of providing human-like power at terminal stance that increase amputees metabolic walking economy compared to a conventional passive-elastic prosthesis. The powered prosthesis comprises a unidirectional spring, configured in parallel with a force-controllable actuator with series elasticity. The prosthesis is controlled to deliver the high mechanical power and net positive work observed in normal human walking.

A hollow tubulous composite structure and method for prosthetic limbs is described.

A knee joint that is capable of widening a moveable range, and that has good energy efficiency and is small and lightweight is described. Also described is a knee joint that is of an active type, but comparatively inexpensive. A drive section moves a driven member. An elastic member is arranged between the driven member and a linear motion member. The linear motion member elastically moves in at least one direction, in accordance with movement of the driven member, by way of the elastic member. A crank mechanism can realize bending and extension of the knee joint by converting linear motion of the linear motion member to rotational motion.

A shock-absorbing twisting structure includes a first seat and a second seat. The first seat includes an elastic member. A stop member is arranged at one side of the first seat. The second seat is formed with a receiving chamber that is fit over the first seat, such that the elastic member is set in elastic engagement with and is supported between the first seat and the second seat. A main axle penetrates through the second seat and is received in the first seat to set the second seat in a rotatable condition. An elastic unit is arranged at each of two sides of the receiving chamber and the stop member.

A prosthetic or orthotic device can include at least one device portion and a joint portion for providing for the at least one device portion to pivot between flexion and extension movements relative to another adjacent device portion or an adjacent limb segment of a user. In some embodiments, a prosthetic or orthotic device can include a compliant transmission assembly in operational communication with the joint portion. The compliant transmission assembly can include a compliant member and a pivot. The pivot can be interposed between the compliant member and the joint portion. In some embodiments, the compliant member absorbs energy when a torque is applied.

A valve with an inlet, an outlet that is connected to the inlet via a fluid connection, and a valve body, which can be brought by displacing it along a displacement direction into a first position, in which the fluid connection is blocked, and a second position, in which the fluid connection is open, wherein the inlet is designed and arranged in such a way that a fluid entering through the inlet exerts a total force on the valve body that at least also acts in a force direction which is perpendicular to the displacement direction when the valve body is in the first position.

A passive prosthetic knee may include a top adapter that may connect an exemplary passive prosthetic knee to a thigh socket and a four-link structure mimicking a knee joint attached to an exemplary top adapter. A passive prosthetic knee may further include a stance spring, a swing spring, and a switching mechanism configured to selectively urge the stance spring and the swing spring to alternately get engaged with an exemplary four-link structure. A passive prosthetic knee may further include a bottom adapter that may be utilized for connecting an exemplary passive prosthetic knee to a lower leg prosthesis. An exemplary switching mechanism may be mounted between an exemplary four-link structure and an exemplary bottom adapter.

A prosthetic foot and method of fabricating the same is disclosed which includes a socket assembly configured to connect to a natural limb of a patient, a sideway cylindrical ankle joint having a maze-like internal structure laterally affixed to the socket assembly; a foot assembly, laterally affixed to the sideway cylindrical ankle joint, having a dorsal portion, a phalange portion, a sole portion, and a heel portion; the phalange portion having a first end connected to the dorsal portion and a second end connected to the sole portion, the sole portion having a curve shape and connected to the heel portion; and the heel portion having a spring assembly connected to said cylindrical ankle joint.