A permanent magnet including R and T. R are rare earth elements including Sm and at least one selected from Y and Gd. T is Fe alone or Fe and Co. T maybe partly substituted with M, and M is one or more selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mo, W, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Ga and Ge. In a total content of R, Sm content is 60 at % or more and 95 at % or less, and a total content of Y and Gd is 5 at % or more and 35 at % or less. The permanent magnet includes main phase crystal grains having a ThMn.sub.12 type crystal structure.

A magnetic powder and a method for fabricating the same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The magnetic powder is powder particles synthesized using a mixture of a rare earth oxide, a raw material, a metal, a metal oxide and a reducing agent, wherein the powder particles are single-phase, the raw material includes at least one of Fe and Co, the metal includes at least one of Ti, Zr, Mn, Mo, V and Si, and the metal oxide includes at least one of MnO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3, V.sub.2O.sub.5, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2.

A magnet material is expressed by a composition formula 1: (R.sub.1-xY.sub.x).sub.aM.sub.bT.sub.c, and includes a main phase having a ThMn.sub.12 crystal phase. A total amount of at least one sub-phase selected from the group consisting of a Th.sub.2Zn.sub.17 crystal phase, a Th.sub.2Ni.sub.17 crystal phase, a TbCu.sub.7 crystal phase, and an Nd.sub.3(Fe, Ti).sub.29 crystal phase is 20 volume % or less. A total amount of at least one hetero-phase selected from the group consisting of an -Fe phase and an -(Fe, Co) phase is 5 volume % or less. An average crystal grain size of the main phase is 4 m or more.

An magnetic material is a magnetic material expressed by a composition formula: (R.sub.1-xY.sub.x).sub.aM.sub.bT.sub.cA.sub.d, which includes a main phase consisting of a ThMn.sub.12 type crystal phase. 30 atomic percent or more of the element M in the composition formula is Fe.

Provided is a magnetic compound represented by the formula (R.sub.(1-x)Zr.sub.x).sub.a(Fe.sub.(1-y)Co.sub.y).sub.bT.sub.cM.sub.dA.sub.e (wherein R represents one or more rare earth elements, T represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Mo, and W, M represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of unavoidable impurity elements, Al, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ag, and Au, A represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of N, C, H, and P, 0x0.5, 0y0.6, 4a20, b=100acd, 0<c<7, 0d1, and 1e18), in which a main phase of the magnetic compound includes a ThMn.sub.12 type crystal structure, and a volume percentage of an -(Fe,Co) phase is 20% or lower.

A magnetic material is expressed by a composition formula 1: (R.sub.1-xY.sub.x).sub.aM.sub.bT.sub.cD.sub.d. The magnetic material includes: a main phase having a ThMn.sub.12 crystal phase, and a sub phase having a phase containing the element D.

A magnetic material is expressed by a composition formula: (R.sub.1-xZ.sub.x).sub.aM.sub.bT.sub.c, and includes a main phase having a ThMn.sub.12 crystal structure. In the ThMn.sub.12 crystal structure, when an amount of the element Z occupying 2a site is Z.sub.2a atomic percent, an amount of the element Z occupying 8i site is Z.sub.8i atomic percent, an amount of the element Z occupying 8j site is Z.sub.8j atomic percent, and an amount of the element Z occupying 8f site is Z.sub.8f atomic percent, Z.sub.2a, Z.sub.8i, Z.sub.8j, and Z.sub.8f satisfy (Z.sub.8i+Z.sub.8j+Z.sub.8f)/(Z.sub.2a+Z.sub.8i+Z.sub.8j+Z.sub.8f)<0.1.

Provided are a method of producing a titanium-containing rare earth-iron-nitrogen anisotropic magnetic powder having good magnetic properties, and secondary particles for a titanium-containing anisotropic magnetic powder. The method includes: obtaining a first precipitate containing R, iron, and titanium by mixing a first precipitating agent with a solution containing R, iron, and titanium, wherein R is at least one selected from Sc, Y, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu; obtaining a second precipitate containing R and iron by mixing, in the presence of the first precipitate, a second precipitating agent with a solution containing R and iron; obtaining an oxide containing R, iron, and titanium by calcining the second precipitate; obtaining a partial oxide by heat treating the oxide in a reducing gas atmosphere; obtaining alloy particles by reducing the partial oxide; and obtaining an anisotropic magnetic powder by nitriding the alloy particles.

Interstitially modified compounds of rare earth element-containing, iron-rich compounds may be synthesized with a ThMn.sub.12 tetragonal crystal structure such that the compounds have useful permanent magnet properties. It is difficult to consolidate particles of the compounds into a bulk shape without altering the composition and magnetic properties of the metastable material. A combination of thermal analysis and crystal structure analysis of each compound may be used to establish heating and consolidation parameters for sintering of the particles into useful magnet shapes.

Interstitially modified compounds of rare earth element-containing, iron-rich compounds may be synthesized with a ThMn.sub.12 tetragonal crystal structure such that the compounds have useful permanent magnet properties. It is difficult to consolidate particles of the compounds into a bulk shape without altering the composition and magnetic properties of the metastable material. A combination of thermal analysis and crystal structure analysis of each compound may be used to establish heating and consolidation parameters for sintering of the particles into useful magnet shapes.