Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method of treating an ocular disease of a subject having an implanted intraocular lens (IOL) includes determining visual needs of a subject that are associated with an ocular disease of the subject determining a pattern of a plurality of pulses of radiation to apply, by refractive index writing, and applying the plurality of pulses of radiation to the one or more selected areas of the IOL.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method includes determining a deviation in position of at least one optical element from a reference line corresponding to alignment of the apex of the cornea, center of the pupil, center of the IOL, and fovea, and/or determining a tilt of at least one of the optical elements relative to the reference line. The method can further include applying a plurality of focused laser pulses to a selected area of the implanted IOL to produce, through refractive index writing, a phase change pattern on the IOL that is configured to compensate for the deviation(s) and/or tilt to improve the foveal vision of the subject.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method includes determining at least one modification to be made to an IOL implanted in a subject to improve the vision of the subject, wherein the IOL has a first index of refraction; and based on the determination, applying laser radiation to at least one selected area of the IOL to form, within the IOL, at least one additional layer having a different index of refraction than the first index of refraction and a particular shape within the IOL configured to improve the vision of the subject.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method includes vergence matching for an intraocular lens (IOL) having an optical profile induced by refractive index writing.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL) that has a non-zero residual spherical error that requires an estimated diffractive power addition in the IOL. In some embodiments, a plurality of laser pulses are applied to the IOL, the laser pulses being configured to produce, by refractive index writing on the IOL, the estimated diffractive power addition to correct for the residual spherical error.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method for vergence matching includes calculating vergence of a wave after refraction on a surface of an IOL and, based on an estimated curvature, converting an initial phase map into a vergence-matched phase map, such that the initial phase map follows the curved vergence of the wavefront.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method includes applying a plurality of laser pulses to the IOL. The laser pulses can be configured to produce, by refractive index writing on the IOL, a predetermined change in phase profile of the IOL to increase spectacle independence.

Systems and methods for improving vision of a subject implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). In some embodiments, a method includes determining at least one photic phenomenon experienced by the subject after implantation of the IOL; and applying a plurality of laser pulses to the IOL, the laser pulses being configured to produce, by refractive index writing on the IOL, a phase shift in the IOL to compensate for the photic phenomenon.

Additive manufacturing techniques are used to form an artificial intra-ocular lens (IOL) directly inside the human eye. Small openings are formed in the cornea and lens capsule of the eye, and the crystalline lens is broken up and removed through the openings; then, a material is injected into the lens capsule through the openings, and the focal spot of a pulse laser beam is scanned in a defined pattern in the lens capsule, to transform the material in the vicinity of the lase focal spot to form the IOL in a layer-by-layer manner. In one embodiment, stereolithography techniques are used where a pulse UV laser source is used to photosolidify a photopolymer resin. The liquefied resin is injected into the eye through the openings, after which only part of the resin, having the shape of the desired IOL, is selectively cured with the UV laser beam, via progressive layer formation.

An ophthalmic laser surgical system uses a confocal detector assembly to continuously detect a confocal signal during laser treatment, and based on the confocal signal, detects in real time a loss of tissue contact with the patient interface (PI) output surface. The detection is partly based on the change of reflectivity at the PI output surface when the optical interface changes from a lens-tissue interface to a lens-air interface. The behavior of the confocal signal upon loss of tissue contact is dependent on the treatment laser scan pattern being performed at the time of tissue contact loss. Thus, different confocal signal analysis algorithms are applied to detect tissue contact loss during different scans, such as the bed cut and side cut for a corneal flap. The real time confocal signal may also be used during eye docking to detect the establishment of tissue contact with the PI output surface.