A method of imaging an object includes obtaining an image data set from a raster scan. The image data set has a plurality of data points, each data point having an associated location and intensity; generating a reduced data set by selectively removing one or more data points from the image data set based upon an assigned probability of retaining the one or more data points in the data set, the assigned probability being a function of the intensity of a data point; generating a triangulation graph as a planar subdivision having faces that are triangles, the vertices of which are the data points and the edges of which are adjacent vertices; and segmenting the triangulated data set by finding a path with lowest cost between that vertex and every other vertex, wherein the cost is a function of the respective intensity of the vertices.

A photo detector is selectively coupled to a first integrator or a second integrator with switching circuitry when the laser pulses. An integration time of the signal from the photo detector can be substantially greater than an amount of time between successive laser beam pulses in order to provide an accurate measurement of each laser beam pulse of a high repetition rate pulsed laser. The laser may comprise a clock coupled to an optical switch of the laser system, and control circuitry can control switching and coupling of the detector to the first integrator or the second integrator in response to the clock signal. The first integrator and the second integrator can be selectively coupled to an output such that the first integrator or the second integrator is coupled to the output of the energy detection circuitry when the other integrator is coupled to the detector.

Methods and apparatus are configures to measure an eye without contacting the eye with a patient interface, and these measurements are used to determine alignment and placement of the incisions when the patient interface contacts the eye. The pre-contact locations of one or more structures of the eye can be used to determine corresponding post-contact locations of the one or more optical structures of the eye when the patient interface has contacted the eye, such that the laser incisions are placed at locations that promote normal vision of the eye. The incisions are positioned in relation to the pre-contact optical structures of the eye, such as an astigmatic treatment axis, nodal points of the eye, and visual axis of the eye.

An RF (radio frequency) positioning system and related method for automated or assisted eye-docking in ophthalmic surgery. The system includes an RF detector system on a laser head and an RFID tag on a patient interface to be mounted on the patient's eye. The detector system includes four RF antennas located on a horizontal plane for detecting RF signals from the RFID tag, where one pair of antennas are located along the X direction at equal distances from the optical axis of the laser head and another pair are located along the Y direction at equal distances from the optical axis. Based on relative strengths and phase difference of the RF signals detected by each pair of antennas, the RF detector system determines whether the patient interface is centered on the optical axis. The RF detector system controls the laser head to move toward the patient interface until the latter is centered on the optical axis.

A method and surgical system including a laser source for generating a pulsed laser beam, an imaging system including a detector, shared optics configured for directing the pulsed laser beam to an object to be sampled and confocally deflecting back-reflected light from the object to the detector, a patient interface, through which the pulsed laser beam is directed, the patient interface having, a cup with a large and small opening, and a notched ring inside the cup; and a controller operatively coupled to the laser source, the imaging system and the shared optics, the controller configured to align the eye for procedure.

An opthalmological apparatus for the refractive correction of an eye comprises a light projector for projecting laser pulses on to a focal point in the interior of the eye in order to break down eye tissue. The apparatus further comprises a positioning module for positioning the focal point (F) at different starting points, and a scanning module for moving the focal point (F) starting from, in each case, one of the starting points in accordance with a scanning pattern for a treatment subarea (a), the scanning pattern and the starting points being defined such that in a number of treatment subareas (a) separated from one another by tissue bridges, the eye tissue is broken down. Through the formation of a multiplicity of separate, disconnected treatment subareas (a) with broken down eye tissue, it is possible not simply to flatten off the curvature of the cornea (21) in order to correct a myopia but to change the curvature of the cornea (21) at virtually any desired locations and, in particular, also to change it asymmetrically for a refractive correction.

A method of imaging an object includes obtaining an image data set from a raster scan. The image data set has a plurality of data points, each data point having an associated location and intensity; generating a reduced data set by selectively removing one or more data points from the image data set based upon an assigned probability of retaining the one or more data points in the data set, the assigned probability being a function of the intensity of a data point; generating a triangulation graph as a planar subdivision having faces that are triangles, the vertices of which are the data points and the edges of which are adjacent vertices; and segmenting the triangulated data set by finding a path with lowest cost between that vertex and every other vertex, wherein the cost is a function of the respective intensity of the vertices.

A method for controlling an eye surgical laser is disclosed for the separation of a volume body. The method includes determining a target position of a pupil relative to a laser beam and determining an optical zone with a treatment center on interfaces relative to an optical axis of the laser beam, determining a transition zone at the volume body as an extension of the interface, capturing a current actual position of the pupil, determining a deviation between the target position and the actual position, and decentering the determined optical zone relative to the optical axis depending on the determined deviation such that the edge of the volume body is generated concentrically to the optical axis and the optical zone is generated concentrically to the determined treatment center and within the transition zone. Further disclosed are a treatment apparatus, a computer program and computer-readable medium capable of performing the method.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for treating tissue abnormalities are disclosed. The tissue may be visualized for determining a presence of one or more abnormalities contained therein. Imaging data obtained by visualization may be used to determine the presence of one or more abnormalities. Each of the detected abnormalities may be identified and a treatment plan developed for treating the abnormalities. Treatment may be delivered to the abnormalities according to the treatment plan.

An ophthalmic laser processing apparatus comprises: a laser device that outputs a pulsed laser beam towards an eye; an image capturing device that captures an image of the eye and provides image data; and a control device that detects eye movement based on the image data and controls the beam focus based on a predetermined eye processing pattern and the eye movement. The apparatus further comprises a visualization device controlled by the control device to output a visualization of a graphical illustration. The graphical illustration represents at least one of (a) a value of an eye parameter determined on the basis of the image data; (b) a frequency distribution of a value of an eye parameter determined on the basis of the image data; and (c) a range of values of a pupil diameter determined on the basis of the image data.