A thermal power generation system includes a combustor burning oxygen and fuel with supercritical CO.sub.2, a turbine driven by the supercritical CO.sub.2 and water vapor fed from the combustor, a low-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 storage storing low-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 from the turbine, a compressor compressing the low-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2, a high-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 storage storing high-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 from the compressor, and a high-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 feeder supplying between the high-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 storage and the combustor, in which the high-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 feeder supplies the high-pressure supercritical CO.sub.2 to the combustor at a constant pressure. Thus, the thermal power generation system can perform adjustment of an electric power supply required to use unstable renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, can achieve high efficiency power generation with high temperature working fluid, and can reduce emissions of environmental load substances such as NO.sub.x and CO.sub.2.

Temperature overshoot of internal components of a counter-flow shell and tube heat heat exchange may be reduced or avoided by adjusting the degree to which a tube-side fluid partially bypasses the heat exchanger.

A reactor system and control method. The method includes feeding solid fuel and oxygen containing gas to a first fluidized bed reactor to form a fluidized bed of particles and combusting a first portion of the fuel in the bed with the oxygen containing gas to generate hot bed particles and a first stream of hot flue gas, conveying the first stream to the flue gas channel, transferring hot bed particles including a second portion of the solid fuel at a predetermined hot particles transfer rate from the first reactor to a second fluidized bed reactor, feeding fluidizing gas to the second reactor to form a second fluidized bed, and transferring bed particles from the second reactor to the first. The method includes first and second operation modes. In the first, the fluidizing gas is oxygen containing gas and, in the second, the gas includes steam, CO.sub.2, or inert gas.

A furnace, and a method of firing it, wherein part of the fuel supplied to the furnace is produced from waste plastics by a depolymerisation process, waste heat from the furnace being used to promote the depolymerisation process. The furnace is equipped with regenerators for waste heat recovery and is fired alternately in first and second opposed directions, with the direction of firing periodically reversing between the first direction and the second direction. The supply of fuel to the furnace is temporarily interrupted while the direction of firing is reversing, means being provided to accommodate the fuel produced during the temporary interruption. The furnace may be used for producing glass.

Described herein is an apparatus and method for avoiding frost buildup on the air intake and or ice buildup on the ice condensing surfaces of the exhaust vent of a condensing appliance. The apparatus comprises a heat-conducting path that extends between the exhaust gas in the exhaust vent of the appliance, and the frost condensing surfaces at or near the air intake opening of the combustion air vent. The heat-conducting path has a first section in thermal contact with the exhaust gas and a second section in thermal contact with the frost condensing surfaces at or near the air intake. In one configuration, the heat-conducting path is a heat pipe. In one configuration the heat-conducting path is a heat exchanger assembly. The passive transfer of heat energy via the heat-conducting path, from the exhaust gas to the frost condensing surfaces at or near the air intake, avoids frost buildup.

A flameless thermal oxidizer apparatus for a gaseous stream containing hydrogen includes a vessel containing a ceramic matrix bed; and a dip tube extending into the ceramic matrix bed, the dip tube including a first flow path for a first stream having hydrogen therein, and a second flow path for a second stream having an oxidant therein to be mixed with the first stream for introduction into the ceramic matrix bed. A related method is also provided.

The present device is a fluid bed regenerative thermal oxidizer configured to minimize dead spaces within it and eliminate the need for complex valve systems, which are typically required to move treated and untreated air across fixed beds. The present device can be a fluid bed regenerative thermal oxidizer comprising a vertical stack having a combustion chamber near its interior center and desorber shelves located within the vertical stack above the combustion chamber and adsorber shelves located within the vertical stack below the combustion shelves. Ceramic spheres can be used as heat sinks that flow from the desorber shelves, around the combustion chamber and onto the adsorber shelves and then back to the desorber shelves. In this way heat from the combustion can be captured by the heat exchange material on the desorber shelves and released to preheat untreated air on the adsorber shelves.

The invention relates to a staggered firing for combustion of wet charge materials, consisting of the following steps: pre-combustion designed as a fluidized bed firing, heat transition in a heat exchanger, dust precipitation, and post-combustion. The staggered firing is characterized in that during the heat transition in the heat exchanger, exhaust gases from the pre-combustion are cooled and combustion air for pre-combustion is heated and then supplied to the pre-combustion.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a large scale direct steam generator operating on an oxidant of air or enriched air configured to generate steam and combustion exhaust constituents. An exhaust constituent separation system and an energy recovery system to reclaim energy and improve the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle. An optional CO2 separation system and Non Condensable Gas injection system may be included.

A steam soot blowing device is provided, including: a steam sootblower, a first pipe communicating with the steam sootblower; and nozzle assemblies communicating with the first pipe, including a first nozzle assembly and a second nozzle assembly, wherein the first nozzle assembly includes a throttle pipe with one end communicating with the first pipe, and a sprayer communicating with the other end of the throttle pipe, and diameter of an inlet of the sprayer is smaller than diameter of an outlet thereof; the second nozzle assembly includes a distribution pipe communicating with the first pipe and at least one nozzle communicating with the distribution pipe, wherein steam jet velocity at the outlet of the sprayer is greatly smaller than steam jet velocity at an outlet of the nozzle.