Various examples are described for detecting heart rate and respiratory rate by using measurements of light applied to skin through an article. For example, a sensor application obtains a set of measurements of light. The application compensates for a contribution of the article based on one or more known optical properties of the article. The sensor application further determines, from the set of measurements of light, a periodic change in amplitude. The sensor application identifies the periodic change in amplitude as a heart rate having an identical periodicity. The sensor application identifies a respiratory rate as equal to the rate of change of the heart rate.

An absorbent article includes: front waistline region; rear waistline region; crotch region disposed between front waistline region and rear waistline region; absorbent body that straddles crotch region, front waistline region, and rear waistline region; front exterior body disposed in front waistline region on non-skin surface side of absorbent body. Absorbent body includes absorbent core and front end part extending toward front side from absorbent core, a liquid-impermeable sheet and a liquid-permeable body sheet overlapping liquid-impermeable sheet in thickness direction are disposed at the front end part of absorbent body. Absorbent article includes: sheet non-bonding region where liquid-impermeable sheet and body sheet are not bonded; and body non-bonding region where absorbent body and front exterior body are not bonded. Front end part includes duplicating region where sheet non-bonding region and body non-bonding region overlap to each other.

A disposable absorbent article may include a chassis that includes a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet; and a leg gasketing system. The leg gasketing system may include an inner cuff and an outer cuff; the inner cuff may include an inner cuff folded edge and an inner cuff material edge and the outer cuff may include an outer cuff folded edge and an outer cuff material edge such that the web of material is folded laterally inward to form the outer cuff folded edge and folded laterally outward to form the inner cuff folded edge. The leg gasketing system may also include a leg gasketing system pocket with an opening on an inboard longitudinal edge of the pocket.

An absorbent article (1) includes a liquid permeable intermediate sheet (5) arranged between a topsheet (2) and an absorbent member (4). A non-skin-facing surface of the intermediate sheet (5) has a plurality of contact portions (54S) that are in contact with the absorbent member (4) adjacent to the intermediate sheet, and a non-contact portion (54N) that is not in contact with the absorbent member (4). When the intermediate sheet (5) is pressed from the absorbent member (4) side in a thickness direction at a pressure of 30 gf/cm.sup.2, a proportion of a total area of contact faces on which the plurality of contact portions (54S) located on a pressed face that has been pressed are in contact with the absorbent member (4), with respect to the pressed face, is 80% or less.

An absorbent core is disclosed. The core includes a first absorbent core construction having multiple spaced-apart sections of a fibrous construction having a fiber structure. A first nonwoven sheet is positioned above the fibrous construction. A second nonwoven sheet is positioned below the fibrous construction. The first nonwoven sheet is coupled with the second nonwoven sheet at locations between adjacent sections of the multiple spaced-apart sections of the fibrous construction. Absorbent material is disposed within the fiber structure, between the first and second nonwoven sheets.

The present invention relates to a system for providing skin protection for premature infants where the system includes a rectangular absorbent article and a detached fastener. The rectangular absorbent article includes an outer layer, an inner, skin facing layer and an absorbent structure located between the outer layer and the inner, skin facing layer. The length of the rectangular absorbent article is less than 310 mm and the width of the rectangular absorbent article is less than 200 mm. The detached fastener has two, lateral end portions; each of the lateral end portions includes an engagement material. The length of the engagement material is less than 35 mm and the width of the engagement material is less than 45 mm.

The present invention relates to a system for providing skin protection for premature infants where the system includes a rectangular absorbent article and a detached fastener. The rectangular absorbent article includes an outer layer, an inner, skin facing layer and an absorbent structure located between the outer layer and the inner, skin facing layer. The length of the rectangular absorbent article is less than 310 mm and the width of the rectangular absorbent article is less than 200 mm. The detached fastener has two, lateral end portions; each of the lateral end portions includes an engagement material. The length of the engagement material is less than 35 mm and the width of the engagement material is less than 45 mm.

A disposable absorbent article may include a chassis that includes a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet; and a leg gasketing system. The leg gasketing system may include an inner cuff and an outer cuff; the inner cuff may include an inner cuff folded edge and an inner cuff material edge and the outer cuff may include an outer cuff folded edge and an outer cuff material edge such that the web of material is folded laterally inward to form the outer cuff folded edge and folded laterally outward to form the inner cuff folded edge. The leg gasketing system may also include a leg gasketing system pocket with an opening on an inboard longitudinal edge of the pocket.

A process for preventing multiplication of a bacteria, virus, or fungus, via: embedding Cu+ and Cu+++ ions into a material; contacting the bacteria, virus, or fungus with the material; and diffusing the Cu+ and Cu+++ ions into a cell and thereby reducing a biological energy-producing ability of the cell, via creating an inhibitory protein molecular structure degrading a membrane anatomy of the cell, thus suffocating the cell, thus protecting a skin from infection and preventing multiplication of the bacteria, virus, or fungus. Also described is a process for sensing: a load, a strain, or a liquid, on a fabric, that includes forming the fabric comprising a multi-walled nanomaterial tube copper bio-sensor via: spacing apart from one another, rows of multi-walled nanofibers, the rows of multi-wall nanofibers comprising copper; and spacing a continuous filament apart from and disposed substantially perpendicular to the rows of multi-walled nanofibers.

A disposable absorbent article, including cohesive material side panels is presented in a protective underwear style to the user. The user may don the article in the same manner as a brief style undergarment or may tear the side panels and don the article in the same manner as a diaper by cohesively attaching the torn side panels. Optionally, the users may don the article in the same manner as a brief or protective underwear style article, tear at least one side panel and adjust the sizing of the side panel by cohesively reattaching the torn side panel.