Waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSF), is separated into a wet fraction and refuse derived fuel (RDF). For example, the waste may be separated in a press. The wet fraction is treated in an anaerobic digester. The RDF is further separated into a cellulosic fraction and a non-cellulosic fraction. The cellulosic fraction is treated by pyrolysis and produces a pyrolysis liquid. The pyrolysis liquid is added to the anaerobic digester.

The invention relates to a method for ultra-dehydrating thickened or pasty biomass products, in particular sludge from wastewater treatment plants, according to which the products, in particular products having a dryness of 4% to 25%, are subjected to the following steps: hydrothermal carbonization treatment, including pressurization (1, 2) and thermal conditioning (30) for a duration in a closed reactor (4); followed by dehydration of the products by a ram press (12), obtaining a dryness of more than 50%; the temperature of the product upstream from the ram press dehydration being regulated by cooling between 40? C. and 90? C., advantageously to around 70? C., in order to optimize the filterability in the piston press; the steps of the method being performed in a confined space making it possible to prevent the release of smells into the atmosphere.

The specification describes a system and process for treating a sludge or slurry to produce biochar. The sludge or in slurry may be digestate produced by an anaerobic digester that receives waste activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. In a process, digestate is dosed with metal ions, dewatered, and pyrolized. A corresponding system includes a reactor, a dewatering unit and a pyrolysis unit. In an example, the digestate is air stripped in the reactor and a metal salt is added to it. The metal ions form precipitates in the digestate that remain in the biochar. In some cases, a precipitate such as struvite is formed that also increases the phosphorous content of the biochar. The biochar may be used as a soil amendment, wherein the metal and phosphorous are beneficial to the soil.

[Problem] To provide a method for producing useful substances, which converts organic waste containing heavy metals into harmless substances such as fertilizers and soil conditioners by carbonizing organic matter while detoxifying heavy metals.

[Solution] The present invention is a method for producing a useful material, said method comprising treating an organic waste in which heavy metals are mixed to produce a carbonized material containing weighed material. The organic waste in which the heavy metals are mixed is treated by dry carbonization of an organic waste to which a Ca component starting material and a SiO.sub.2 component starting material, which are topalmorite starting materials, are added in amounts sufficient to contain the mixed heavy metals in topalmorite crystals; a charcoal-forming step of dry carbonizing the waste, carbonizing the organic waste to form a carbide; the carbide formed in this carbide forming step and the topamolite raw material are charged into a reaction vessel while maintaining the high temperature state in the previous step, and slowly cooled in the presence of water with stirring to form the organic material; a heavy metal confinement step of forming a topamolite crystal mineral in which heavy metals mixed in the organic waste are confined, and forming a slurry in which the carbide and the topamolite crystal mineral are dispersed; and drying or dehydrating the slurry formed in the previous step to produce a useful substance containing a carbide containing the topamolite crystal mineral.

The present invention relates to reaction equipment for the treatment of organic and/or inorganic waste of refineries or petrochemical plants comprising: a drying and pyrolysis device (4) which rotates around its longitudinal, tilted rotation axis (A), a gasification device (6) which rotates around its longitudinal, horizontal rotation axis (B), a combustion device (14) comprising a burner (13) having a longitudinal horizontal axis (C), at least one settling chamber (15) for the collection of intermediate solid residues and the accumulation of intermediate gaseous reaction products, at least one outlet duct of the gaseous end-products (16), at least one outlet duct of the solid end-products (7), and at least one inlet duct of the feedstock (2) said combustion device (14), drying and pyrolysis device (4), gasification device (6) are physically separated and positioned on three different levels, the longitudinal rotation axis (A) of the drying and pyrolysis device (4) is tilted with respect to both the longitudinal rotation axis (B) of the gasification device (6) and also with respect to the longitudinal axis (C) of the combustion device (14), the longitudinal rotation axis (B) of the gasification device (6) is parallel to the longitudinal axis (C) of the combustion device (14), the combustion device (14) is in fluid communication with the drying and pyrolysis device (4), the drying and pyrolysis device (4) comprises, in its interior, a first indirect heat exchange device (3) in which the combustion fumes coming from the combustion device (14) flow, at least one settling chamber (15) in fluid communication with said drying and pyrolysis device (4) and with said gasification device (6) and with said combustion device (14), conveying means (5) are positioned in the settling chamber (15) and put the drying and pyrolysis device (4) in fluid communication with the gasification device, it comprises a second heat exchange device (12) in fluid communication with the first indirect heat exchange device (3) and the combustion device (14), it comprises means for the suction of the intermediate gaseous reaction products, said means being positioned in the settling chamber (15).

Materials, such as biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. Conveying systems, such as flowing gas conveying systems and such as closed-loop flowing gas conveying systems are described.

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.

Organic waste is treated by pyrolysis or by anaerobic digestion followed by pyrolysis of the digestate. The pyrolysis is performed in two staged reactors. The second stage reactor treats char produced in the first stage. The temperature of the first stage reactor is preferably 450 degrees C. or less. The temperature of the second stage reactor is higher than the temperature of the first stage, for example by 50 degrees C. or more. Optionally, there may be a char cooler, a water sprayer, or both downstream of the char outlet of the second reactor. In an exemplary system, a digestate outlet is connected to the inlet of the first pyrolysis reactor. A pyrolysis liquid outlet of the first pyrolysis reactor is connected to the digester. Char produced in the second pyrolysis reactor may be used as a soil amendment.

The present disclosure provides a treatment method for oily sludge and a method for soil remediation. The treatment method for oily sludge includes: mixing the oily sludge with target biochar uniformly according to a first preset mass ratio, and conducting catalytic pyrolysis at a first preset temperature to achieve efficient removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, to obtain a pyrolysis residue used for soil remediation. In the present disclosure, the method realizes resource utilization and harmless utilization of the pyrolysis residue.

A sludge treatment apparatus includes a dryer which dries first sludges and discharges second sludges which are dried first sludges, a burner which burns the second sludges, and a serial pipe connected to the burner. The dryer has air inlets through which air is introduced into the dryer, and the serial pipe is disposed adjacent to the dryer.