The following describes a reconfigurable set of industrial processing techniques which, when appropriately combined, enable zero-emissions reforming, utilizing a wide range of conventional and unconventional feedstocks. Hydrocarbons, harvested or refuse biomass, as well as assorted byproducts and wastes are reformed through tightly integrated processing. The system is designed to incorporate alternative energy sources such as renewables or nuclear for high-density energy utilization and storage. Central to the processing methodology is a novel molten salt electrochemical reactor designed as a modular system for high-throughput carbochlorination and resource recovery. Such a configuration drastically reduces or eliminates waste while improving efficiency and realizing vast new economic incentives.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure can include at least one of a method, apparatus and system for the efficient melting of a feedstock to at least one of a molten and vitrified state to be used in a manufacturing system comprised of: a melter to which the feedstock is provided; and a heat recovery system configured to capture exhaust waste heat produced by the melter, wherein the heat recovery system transfers an energy recovered from the exhaust waste heat to pre-heat the feedstock provided to the melter.

In the disclosed solution sand to be cleaned is thermally cleaned by rotating the sand being cleaned in a large oven (1) by rotating the oven (1). Before cleaning, the sand may be pre-processed by crushing any lumps and cleaning the sand fraction by magnetic separation. Preprocessed sand to be cleaned and heat energy are fed (5) into the rotating oven. The oven (1) is set slightly inclined so that a second end of the oven (1) is lower than a first end. The inclination and rotating speed of the oven (1) as well as the feed amount of sand are adjusted, whereby the advancing speed of the sand may be adjusted, as well as the ratio of the sand being cleaned to the volume of the oven (1) kept as desired. The temperature of the oven (1) is monitored at the coldest area of the oven, which is substantially at the second end of the oven. The temperature of the oven (1) is adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat energy fed in. By means of temperature monitoring and knowing the advancing speed of the sand, it is also possible to determine the average temperature of the sand and adjust it as desired by adjusting the supplied heat energy. Finally, the cleaned sand is let run (12) from the second end of the oven (1).

Improvements relate to a heat and energy integrated method and apparatus for plastic waste recovery having supercritical liquefaction. A volume of plastic waste is processed to produce a plastic waste stream. A reaction unit is utilized for adsorbing the plastic with a solvent having at least water, plus heating and pressurizing the plastic waste stream with the solvent into a supercritical extraction state for converting the plastic waste stream into a mixture fluid stream of a supercritical nature within the reaction unit. The mixture fluid stream may be cycled proximate to the outlet from the reaction unit via periodically letting the pressure down, and then letting the pressure recover. A volume of inert solids are removed from the mixture fluid stream thereby creating a remaining combined gases and liquids fluid stream. Power is recovered from the remaining combined gases and liquids fluid stream. And, volumes of water, gas and oil are separated from the combined gases and liquids fluid stream.

Solid waste that includes a mixture of wet organic material and dry organic material can be are separated using mechanical separation to produce a wet organic stream enriched in wet organics and a dry organic stream enriched in dry organics. The separated wet organic stream and dry organic stream are separately converted to renewable or recyclable products using different conversion techniques particularly suited for the separated wet and dry organic streams.

A method for separating different types of material layers of a composite component that has at least one material layer that is transparent for visible light and at least one further material layer, is provided, wherein the light from an external source falls through the at least one transparent material layer into the at least one further material layer and there is at least partially absorbed. With the help of at least one gas discharge lamp, the light-absorbing material layer is heated in less than one second to separate material layers of the composite component. A device that can be used for this method comprises at least one separation chamber and therein at least one gas discharge lamp suitable for irradiation.

[Object] To use fibrous dust or particulate dust which were simple wastes in the past as resources. To improve treatment capacity dramatically.

[Solving Means] Non-metal dust which is further pulverized into a small particle size in a pulverizing step S10 through a crushing step Si of crushing wastes such as waste automobiles, waste home appliances, and waste office furniture into a predetermined size, an iron component separation and collection step S3 of separating and collecting an iron component, a non-ferrous component separation and collection step S4 of separating and collecting a non-ferrous component, a metal component separation and collection step S5 of sorting a metal component, wind power sorting steps S2, S6, S8, and S9 of sorting floating fibrous dust and a settled crushed material by wind power, and a shredding step S7 of shredding the settled crushed material into a predetermined size is separated into metal scraps such as copper, aluminum, and iron, fibrous dust, and particulate dust in a separating step S11. Fibrous dust and particulate dust are separately collected and are used as various fuel resources for household, business, and industry.

A facility 300 for separation of layers in a multilayer system 310. The facility 300 comprises one or more baths 320a, 320b for accepting the multilayer system 310 and a dispenser 330 for providing a separation fluid 340. The separation fluid 340 comprises a nanoscale dispersion for washing the multilayer system in the baths 320a, 320b and is described in more details below. The facility 300 also includes a filtration device 350 for filtering separated undissolved components of the multilayer system 310.

An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.

Solid waste that includes a mixture of wet organic material and dry organic material can be are separated using mechanical separation to produce a wet organic stream enriched in wet organics and a dry organic stream enriched in dry organics. The separated wet organic stream and dry organic stream are separately converted to renewable or recyclable products using different conversion techniques particularly suited for the separated wet and dry organic streams.