An absorbent article includes an absorbent member positioned between a topsheet and a backsheet. The absorbent member contains at least one layer that includes superabsorbent particles containing a porous network that includes a plurality of nanopores having an average cross-sectional dimension of from about 10 to about 500 nanometers, wherein the superabsorbent particles exhibit a Vortex Time of about 80 seconds or less and a free swell gel bed permeability (GBP) of 5 darcys or more, of 10 darcys or more, of 60 darcys or more, or of 90 darcys or more.

Water-absorbing resin particles, in which a value of non-pressurization DW after 30 seconds is 1.0 mL/g or more, and a contact angle measured in a test performed in the order of i) and ii) below is 90 degrees or smaller, are disclosed. i) A spherical liquid droplet, which corresponds to a diameter of 3.0±0.1 min, of a 25% by mass saline solution is added dropwise at 25° C. onto a surface of a layer formed from the water-absorbing resin particles to bring the water-absorbing resin particles into contact with the liquid droplet. ii) A contact angle of the liquid droplet is measured at a timing which is 30 seconds after the liquid droplet is brought into contact with the surface.

Water-absorbing resin particles, in which a permeation and spreading index represented by Formula (1) is 10.0 or higher, and a water absorption capacity for a physiological saline solution is 50.0 g/g or more, are disclosed.

Formula (1):

Permeation and spreading index=value of non-pressurization DW after 1 minute (mL/g)+artificial urine permeation speed when water-absorbing resin particles are swollen 10 times (g/min)  (1)

Water-absorbing resin particles, in which a light transmittance at a wavelength of 425 nm when the water-absorbing resin particles are swollen 30 times with a physiological saline solution is 20% or more, are disclosed.

An absorbent article 100 includes an absorber 10, the absorber 10 contains water-absorbent resin particles 10a, and a standard deviation between a water retention amount of 0.01% by mass sodium salt aqueous solution, a water retention amount of 0.01% by mass potassium salt aqueous solution, a water retention amount of 0.01% by mass magnesium salt aqueous solution, and a water retention amount of 0.01% by mass calcium salt aqueous solution in the water-absorbent resin particles 10a is 20 g/g or less.

The device which may be attached inside or outside the pancreas/abdomen during surgery addresses leaks of pancreatic juice or pancreatic effluent (PE) after resection by redirecting and inactivating PE. Specifically the PE enzymes (proteases) are inactivated. Redirection is through an internal biodegradable self powered self eliminating drain with increasing gradient and then targeting or inactivating the effluent with active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) such as-protease inhibitors which are contained in graduated micro-encapsulated particles (GMEPs) coated with pH and time release shells which the device locates at optimum locations in the pancreas/abdomen. Another iteration is redirecting PE by containing the device within a mesh filled with GMEP comprising protease inhibitors (antiprotease) to inactivate PE before flowing out via openings in the mesh into the abdominal cavity as an inactivated innocuous fluid.

Disclosed are water-absorbing resin particles 10a in which an expansion retention rate calculated by the formula: expansion retention rate (%)=(V.sub.1/V.sub.0)×100 is 98% or more. V.sub.0 is the volume of the swollen gel formed when 1.000±0.001 g of the water-absorbing resin particles 10a absorb 20.0±0.1 g of pure water. V.sub.1 is the volume of the swollen gel formed when 1.000±0.001 g of the water-absorbing resin particles 10a absorb 20.0±0.1 g of physiological saline.

A production method includes a surface-crosslinking step of heating a mixture of a surface-crosslinking agent and a particulate dried polymer obtained with an acid group-containing unsaturated monomer as a main component. A moisture content of the particulate dried polymer is not greater than 15% by mass. A heating device including a rotary container and a plurality of heating tubes that are located within the rotary container, extend in an axial direction of the rotary container, and rotate together with the rotary container, is used in the surface-crosslinking step. The heating device includes a means for introducing and discharging a gas into and from the rotary container.

Superabsorbent particles have a median size of from about 50 to about 2,000 micrometers and contain a porous network that includes a plurality of nanopores having an average cross-sectional dimension of from about 10 to about 500 nanometers, wherein the superabsorbent particles exhibit a Vortex Time of about 80 seconds or less and a free swell gel bed permeability (GBP) of 5 darcys or more, of 10 darcys or more, of 20 darcys or more, of 30 darcys or more, of 60 darcys or more, or of 90 darcys or more. A method for forming such superabsorbent particles includes forming a composition that contains a superabsorbent polymer and a solvent system; contacting the composition with a non-solvent system to initiate formation of the porous network through phase inversion; removing non-solvent from the composition; and surface crosslinking the superabsorbent particles.

An absorption rate in an absorbent article including a cell absorber is improved. The above-mentioned problem is solved by an absorbent article including an absorber having a plurality of cells surrounded by bonded portions of an upper sheet and a lower sheet, the upper sheet and the lower sheet not bonded at the cells, and a particulate material including super absorbent polymer particles contained in the cells, in which at least one of the upper sheet and the lower sheet in the cells is formed into concaves depressed to outsides of the cells in a spread state, a middle sheet made of a nonwoven fabric is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet, and the middle sheet is compressed in a thickness direction at the bonded portions and expands to insides of the concaves at portions located inside the cells.