A copper foil composite comprising a copper foil and a resin layer laminated, the copper foil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Sn, Mn, Cr, Zn, Zr, Mg, Ni, Si and Ag at a total of 30 to 500 mass ppm, a tensile strength of the copper foil having of 100 to 180 MPa, a degree of aggregation I200/I.sub.0200 of a (100) plane of the copper foil being 30 or more, and an average grain size viewed from a plate surface of the copper foil being 10 to 400 m.

The present invention includes systems, assemblies, and methodologies for inhibiting combustion within fluid containers, enhancing the safety of such containers. One aspect includes a novel base module from which assemblies of varying shape and size, suitable for disposing within a variety of different fluid containers, are created. In one embodiment, the base module is made from an expanded mesh which is rolled in a novel cylindrical configuration according to a novel methodology. In another embodiment, the base module may be combined with other base modules to form an assembly. The present invention is also directed to an apparatus and method for creating base modules which allows for varying density of the base modules and therefore varying flexural strength and rigidity of the assemblies. As such, the packing density of assemblies within containers may be optimized to produce the desired effect of inhibiting combustion within the container.

An austenitic stainless steel foil 2 with a thickness equal to or less than 300 m is disposed to face a punch 12, and the stainless steel foil 2 is subjected to drawing in a state in which an annular region 2a of the stainless steel foil 2 that is in contact with a shoulder portion 12d of the punch 12 is set to a temperature up to 30 C. and an external region 2b outside the annular region 2a is set to a temperature of from 40 C. to 100 C.

An austenitic stainless steel foil 2 with a thickness equal to or less than 300 m is disposed to face a punch 12, and the stainless steel foil 2 is subjected to drawing in a state in which an annular region 2a of the stainless steel foil 2 that is in contact with a shoulder portion 12d of the punch 12 is set to a temperature up to 30 C. and an external region 2b outside the annular region 2a is set to a temperature of from 40 C. to 100 C.

An austenitic stainless steel foil 2 with a thickness equal to or less than 300 m is disposed to face a punch 12, and the stainless steel foil 2 is subjected to drawing in a state in which an annular region 2a of the stainless steel foil 2 that is in contact with a shoulder portion 12d of the punch 12 is set to a temperature up to 30 C. and an external region 2b outside the annular region 2a is set to a temperature of from 40 C. to 100 C.

A method of forming a lithium or sodium foil for use as an electrode involves imposing a surface texturing that is predominately the {110} or {100} crystallographic orientation. For a Li {110} foil, a raw foil with a thickness of about 600 m is heated to about 90 C. to randomize the crystallographic orientation and the foil is rolled to about 300 m upon cooling. The rolled film is then scraped of about 50 m of the lithium surface and heated to about 75 C. and rolled a second time to about 200 m, and again cooled to room temperature. The cooled foil can be shaped into the electrode. The electrode can be employed in a battery to greatly extend the life of the battery relative to a lithium battery with a lithium anode that lacks the surface texturing. The alkali metal can be lithium electrochemically deposited on 3D scaffold such as carbon cloth with the deposited alkali metal maintaining the {110} texture.