Disclosed is a method for treating skin. The method can include topically applying to skin in need thereof a composition comprising effective amounts of Arctium lappa root extract and Epilobium angustifolium extract to reduce expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-8, IL-2, or TNF-α in the skin.

Disclosed is a method of exfoliating skin. The method can include topically applying an effective amount of a composition to skin in need thereof. The composition can include an alpha hydroxy acid, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, an aqueous extract of plankton comprising an exopolysacchride synthesized by Vibo alginolyticus, an aqueous extract of Phragmites communis, an aqueous extract of Poria cocos, and an aqueous extract of Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) seed.

Disclosed is a method of exfoliating skin. The method can include topically applying an effective amount of a composition to skin in need thereof. The composition can include an alpha hydroxy acid, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, an aqueous extract of plankton comprising an exopolysacchride synthesized by Vibo alginolyticus, an aqueous extract of Phragmites communis, an aqueous extract of Poria cocos, and an aqueous extract of Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) seed.

A Lin28a activator includes a polysaccharide containing one or more selected from the group consisting of ribose, xylose, and derivatives thereof as an active ingredient. A dedifferentiation inducer of a monocyte includes a macrophage colony-stimulating factor and a polysaccharide containing one or more selected from the group consisting of ribose, xylose, and derivatives thereof as active ingredients. A therapeutic agent against diseases relating to damage in cells, tissues, or organs includes a polysaccharide containing one or more selected from the group consisting of ribose, xylose, and derivatives thereof as an active ingredient. A food or beverage product for preventing or alleviating diseases relating to damage in cells, tissues, or organs includes a polysaccharide containing one or more selected from the group consisting of ribose, xylose, and derivatives thereof. A cosmetic product includes a polysaccharide containing one or more selected from the group consisting of ribose, xylose, and derivatives thereof.

Disclosed are methods of treating aging effects on a subject skin, comprising contacting the skin with a skin microbiome complex, including topical compositions containing YM Microbiome Complex and Advanced Probiotic Complex, methods of treatment using the compositions and methods of preparing the compositions for preventing, slowing, and reversing skin aging. Also disclosed are related formulations and methods of skin microbiome transplantation.

Disclosed are methods of treating aging effects on a subject skin, comprising contacting the skin with a skin microbiome complex, including topical compositions containing YM Microbiome Complex and Advanced Probiotic Complex, methods of treatment using the compositions and methods of preparing the compositions for preventing, slowing, and reversing skin aging. Also disclosed are related formulations and methods of skin microbiome transplantation.

An improved pasteurisation protocol for pasteurising microbial cells is disclosed. The protocol has three stages, a first heating stage, a second plateau stage at which the cells are held at a (maximum and) constant temperature, and a third cooling stage. Both the heating and the cooling stages are rapid, with the temperature of the cells passing through 40 to 80° C. in no more than 30 minutes in the heating stage. The heating rate is at least 0.5° C./minute and during cooling is at least −0.5° C./minute. The plateau maximum temperature is from 70 to 85° C. By plotting the pasteurisation protocol on a time (t, minutes) versus temperature (T, ° C.) graph, one obtains a trapezium having an area less than 13,000° C. minute. Not only does this result in a smaller energy input (and so a reduction in costs), but a better quality (and less oxidised) oil results having a peroxide value (POV) of less than 1.5 and an anisidine value (AnV) of less than 1.0.

An improved pasteurisation protocol for pasteurising microbial cells is disclosed. The protocol has three stages, a first heating stage, a second plateau stage at which the cells are held at a (maximum and) constant temperature, and a third cooling stage. Both the heating and the cooling stages are rapid, with the temperature of the cells passing through 40 to 80° C. in no more than 30 minutes in the heating stage. The heating rate is at least 0.5° C./minute and during cooling is at least −0.5° C./minute. The plateau maximum temperature is from 70 to 85° C. By plotting the pasteurisation protocol on a time (t, minutes) versus temperature (T, ° C.) graph, one obtains a trapezium having an area less than 13,000° C. minute. Not only does this result in a smaller energy input (and so a reduction in costs), but a better quality (and less oxidised) oil results having a peroxide value (POV) of less than 1.5 and an anisidine value (AnV) of less than 1.0.

An absorbent article comprising at least a topsheet layer and a backsheet layer, each layer having a first and a second surface, at least one of the layers has a composition comprising a skin beneficial agent printed on the first surface and an ink composition printed on the second surface, wherein the compositions on the first and the second surfaces respectively may be interchanged.

A method for making a composition for enamel regeneration proposes to encapsulate soluble calcium and phosphate salts within corresponding internal water phases in respective water-in-oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by solid particles, and add them to a toothpaste, enamel restoring gel or mouth wash base. In this way, the soluble calcium and phosphate salts can be present stably in the toothpaste, enamel restoring gel or mouth wash over a long period of time. When the toothpaste, enamel restoring gel or mouth wash of the present disclosure is used in oral cavity, the water-in-oil-in-water emulsions rapture under the effect of friction and pressing, releasing the soluble calcium and phosphate salts encapsulated within the corresponding internal water phases. As a result, the liquid in the user's oral cavity will contain high concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions, which can enhance the rate of enamel remineralization.