An alpha-beta Ti alloy having improved mechanical and ballistic properties formed using a low-cost composition is disclosed. In one embodiment, the Ti alloy composition, in weight percent, is 4.2 to 5.4% aluminum, 2.5 to 3.5% vanadium, 0.5 to 0.7% iron, 0.15 to 0.19% oxygen and balance titanium. The exemplary Ti alloy exhibits a tensile yield strength of at least about 120,000 psi and an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 128,000 psi in both longitudinal and transverse directions, a reduction in area of at least about 43%, an elongation of at least about 12% and about a 0.430-inch-thick plate has a V.sub.50 ballistic limit of about 1936 fps. The Ti alloy may be manufactured using a combination of recycled and/or virgin materials, thereby providing a low-cost route to the formation of high-quality armor plate for use in military systems.

An alloy composition for a subcell of a solar cell is provided that has a bandgap of at least 0.9 eV, namely, Ga.sub.1-xIn.sub.xN.sub.yAs.sub.1-y-zSb.sub.z with a low antimony (Sb) content and with enhanced indium (In) content and enhanced nitrogen (N) content, achieving substantial lattice matching to GaAs and Ge substrates and providing both high short circuit currents and high open circuit voltages in GaInNAsSb subcells for multijunction solar cells. The composition ranges for Ga.sub.1-xIn.sub.xN.sub.yAs.sub.1-y-zSb.sub.z are 0.07x0.18, 0.025y0.04 and 0.001z0.03.

This heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel has a specific composition containing Ce and Zr and has an Hv.sub.1/Hv.sub.0 ratio of 1.20 or higher, where Hv.sub.1 is the average hardness of the area ranging from the surface to a thickness-direction depth of 50 m and Hv.sub.0 is the average hardness of the thickness-direction central part.

In particular embodiments, the present disclosure provides targets including a metal layer and defining a hollow inner surface. The hollow inner surface has an internal apex. The distance between at least two opposing points of the internal apex is less than about 15 m. In particular examples, the distance is less than about 1 m. Particular implementations of the targets are free standing. The targets have a number of disclosed shaped, including cones, pyramids, hemispheres, and capped structures. The present disclosure also provides arrays of such targets. Also provided are methods of forming targets, such as the disclosed targets, using lithographic techniques, such as photolithographic techniques. In particular examples, a target mold is formed from a silicon wafer and then one or more sides of the mold are coated with a target material, such as one or more metals.

Provided is a carbon tool steel strip suitable for use in various spring materials, valve materials, and the like, in which press punching properties and fatigue characteristics are enhanced. A carbon tool steel strip having a thickness of 1 mm or less and a carbon tool steel composition containing 0.8-1.2% C by mass %, wherein the carbon tool steel strip has a Vickers hardness of 500-650 (Hv), and when a cross-section at the center in the sheet thickness direction of the carbon tool steel strip is viewed with the plane of observation in a direction at a right angle to a rolled surface of the carbon tool steel strip and in the length direction of the carbon tool steel strip, the area ratio of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of at least 0.5 m among the carbides present in the metallographic structure is 0.50-4.30%.

A method of forming an electrode includes casting a molten metal in a mold to form an electrode with a header portion and a blade portion. The blade portion of the electrode is then rolled after it has been cast. The blade portion may be rolled into at least two different thicknesses. In one embodiment the metal is lead or lead alloy and the method relates to the forming of a lead or lead alloy anode.

The present invention relates to a process for producing shaped articles composed of refractory metals.

Provided is a preparing method of an Ag nano-particle for mass-producing Ag nano-particles, the method including: performing a first reaction of a reaction solution containing an Ag precursor and oleylamine at a set first temperature T.sub.1; performing a second reaction of the reaction solution at a second temperature T.sub.2 set so as to be higher than the first temperature; and obtaining a reactant from the reaction solution, wherein at least one of the first and second reactions is performed in a state in which the reaction solution is not stirred.

A method for creating a tapered spiral welded conical structure where the overall shape of the cone is first graphically slit axially and unwrapped, and then a series of construction arcs and lines are created to form the edge lines of a strip that can then be wrapped (rolled) to form a tapered conical structure. The edges of the spirally wound strip can be welded together, and a very large conical structure can thus be achieved. Various construction options are presented from a constant width strip to strip made from straight segments. Equations are given for the formation of the strips to enable those skilled in the art of spiral welded tubing to practice the invention.

The alloy fine particles of the present invention are fine particles of a solid solution alloy, in which a plurality of metal elements are mixed at the atomic level. The production method of the present invention is a method for producing alloy fine particles composed of a plurality of metal elements. This production method includes the steps of (i) preparing a solution containing ions of the plurality of metal elements and a liquid containing a reducing agent; and (ii) mixing the solution with the liquid that has been heated.