The present invention is related to an osmosis membrane, specifically to a modified forward osmosis membrane and the method of preparing same. The inventive forward osmosis membrane has a modified membrane structure including a hydrophilic support mesh and a hydrophilic polymer membrane layer mixed antioxidant. The hydrophilic polymer membrane layer with antioxidant not only has high salt rejection, but also ensures high oxidation resistance under a strong oxidation environment, and can be used safely and stably. The inventive oxidation resistant forward osmosis membrane has the advantages of improving the efficiency of purifying and separating water, extending the service life, significantly reducing the operation cost of the forward osmosis membrane system. The inventive forward osmosis membrane can be applied in the industries of treatment of strong oxidation waste water, water purifying, filtration and purification of food and medicine filtering and so on.

The forward osmosis membrane and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention, through fully cover the support mesh layer of the membrane with antibacterial nanoparticles, especially the mixture of nano-Ag and nano TiO2, ensures without reducing the strength, water flux and salt rejection, providing an effective, long-term and comprehensive antibacterial effect. In the present invention, the antibacterial nanoparticles, especially the mixture of nano-Ag and nano-TiO2, are used to carry out antibacterial modification on the support mesh of the forward osmosis membrane, so as to inhibit the growth of bacteria on the forward osmosis membrane, improves the forward osmosis and also improves the safety of the entire purification and filtration system. The antibacterial forward osmosis membrane of the present invention can be applied to the filtration and purification of complex water sources, especially the purification and filtration of eutrophic and bacteria-prone water sources.

Apparatus and processes for controlling a reverse osmosis system for water desalination to reduce energy consumption. The system has a controller configured to receive information from the sensor array and determine a fouling parameter for each reverse-osmosis stage based on one or more of: an A-Value, a B-value and a normalized differential pressure. The controller is then configured to control the flow through each of the reverse-osmosis assemblies based on the determined fouling parameters to meet a predetermined criterion for total permeate production for the reverse-osmosis system.

A spiral wound membrane module has a brackish water RO or NF membrane combined with a permeate carrier having a narrow spacing between membrane contacting elements. The membrane may have water permeability (A-Value) of at least 8*10.sup.−5 cm/s/bar at 25° C. The membrane may have salt diffusion rate (B-Value) of at least 0.5*10.sup.−5 cm/s at 25° C. The permeate carrier may have a density of 54 wales per inch or more of a gap between adjacent ribs of 215 um or less. The permeate carrier may have a channel cross-sectional area of 16*10.sup.−9 m.sup.2 or more. Water is fed to the module at a high feed pressure, for example a pressure of at least 50 bar, optionally up to 120 bar. Retentate may be discharged at a concentration of 100 g/L, 130 g/L, or 150 g/L or more.

There is provided a semi-permeable membrane comprising: at least two two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure layers of; and a polyelectrolyte layer between each 2D heterostructure layer of the at least two 2D heterostructure layers. There is also provided a method of preparing the membrane comprising: mixing a 2D heterostructure solution and a polyelectrolyte solution to form a mixture; and vacuum filtering the mixture onto a substrate to form the membrane.

Spiral wound reverse osmosis devices with reduced lateral leakage and thereby increased salt rejection are made by compacting a microporous layer within a composite reverse osmosis membrane longitudinally along its lengthwise periphery. Means and method for causing longitudinal indentations in composite membranes during manufacturing operations are disclosed and described.

Provided is an apparatus for controlling a seawater desalination plant. The apparatus includes: a dissolved air flotation device configured to provide treated water obtained by treating seawater according to a dissolved air flotation (DAF); an ultrafiltration device including a plurality of ultrafiltration units each having an ultrafiltration membrane, and configured to perform an ultrafiltration (UF) process of filtering impurities remaining in the treated water using the ultrafiltration membranes of the plurality of ultrafiltration units; a reverse osmosis device; an information collection unit; and a state treatment unit.

A system for generating electricity, heat, and desalinated water having a gas turbine system connected to a first electric generator, a waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) system, a combined heat and power (CHP) generation system connected to a second electric generator, one or more solar powered energy systems, and a desalination system. The desalination system is connected to the CHP generation system and the WHRB system. The gas turbine system generates electricity and heat, the WHRB system is connected to and uses the exhaust of the gas turbine system to provide heat and steam power to the CHP generation system. The CHP generation system produces and provides electricity and heat to the desalination system, which produces product water, and at least one solar powered energy system provides thermal energy to one or more of the gas turbine system, the WHRB system, the CHP generation system, and the desalination system.

A first stream of an aqueous solution flows through an upstream desalination or nanofiltration system. A second stream of the aqueous solution is mixed with the diluate output from the upstream desalination system or with the diluate or concentrate output from the upstream nanofiltration system with a flow ratio of the second stream of the aqueous solution to the feed stream of <0.47 or >0.63. A liquid composition flows into the concentrate channels of an electrically driven separation apparatus, while the feed stream flows into at least the diluate channels at a ratio of 0.3 to 0.81 to the flow of the liquid composition. An applied voltage selectively draws monovalent ions from the feed stream in the diluate channels through the monovalent-selective ion exchange membranes into the concentrate channels to produce a treated diluate having a sodium chloride ratio (SCR)<0.7.

A device for removing ions from a flow of water includes a first electrode and a counter-electrode opposite the first electrode in the flow of water. The first electrode contains at least one material which is capable of intercalating one or both of Mg.sup.2+ and Ca.sup.2+ ions in the flow of water. The counter-electrode can include a material capable of binding to anions in the flow of water.