A process for preparing a titanic acid salt, titanic acid, and titanium oxide having a controllable particle size and a hierarchical structure, wherein the process includes the steps of: preparing a titanium-containing peroxo-complex solution; adding a basic metal compound to the titanium-containing peroxo-complex solution to form a mixture solution; adding one of polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol to the mixture solution to form a precursor dispersion; and subjecting the precursor dispersion to a solvothermal reaction to obtain the titanic acid salt having a hierarchical structure. The process for preparing a titanic acid salt, titanic acid, and titanium oxide having a controllable particle size and a hierarchical structure, can not only realize the regulation of morphology and particle diameter of constituent units in the hierarchical structure, but also can achieve the regulation of particle size in the hierarchical structure.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a semiconductor device power management system including a semiconductor device of a set of semiconductor devices provided on a substrate, wherein the semiconductor device includes an independent power supply unit.

A solar battery unit (100) is provided that includes: a substrate (120); a solar battery (110) attached to a back face of the substrate (120); and a communications module (130) attached to the substrate (120). The communications module (130) includes an antenna (132) disposed so as not to overlap solar cells (115) in the solar battery (110) in a front view.

An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element that includes a photoelectric conversion film excellent in the vapor deposition suitability, and that exhibits excellent external quantum efficiency to light at all wavelengths in a red wavelength range, a green wavelength range, and a blue wavelength range. Another object of the present invention is to provide an imaging element, an optical sensor, and a compound related to the photoelectric conversion element.

The photoelectric conversion element includes, in the following order, a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film, in which the photoelectric conversion film contains a compound represented by Formula (1).

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The present invention relates to a Z-type heterojunction photoanode film used for the photocathode protection of a reinforcing bar, the preparation method thereof and a method for the corrosion inhibition of mental materials from concrete structures in marine engineering by using the Z-type heterojunction photoanode film used for the photocathode protection of a reinforcing bar. The preparation method includes steps of preparing Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 on the conducting surface of a clean conductive substrate through the hydrothermal process, preparing Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-PANI composite photoanode film by depositing polyaniline on the surface of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 through the electrochemical synthesis and preparing Ru-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-PANI composite photoanode film on the surface of the Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-PANI composite photoanode film through the in situ chemical reduction method. The technical solution in the present invention can achieve highly effective photocathode protection of a reinforcing bar from concretes in marine engineering and improve the durability of concrete structures in marine engineering.

A spirobifluorene compound and a perovskite solar cell including the spirobifluorene compound are disclosed. More particularly, a spirobifluorene compound which can be used as a hole transport material of a perovskite solar cell is disclosed. A perovskite solar cell including the spirobifluorene compound as a hole transport material is further disclosed.

An optoelectronic apparatus, such as a photodetector apparatus comprising a substrate (1), a dielectric layer (2), a transport layer, and a photosensitizing layer (5). The transport layer comprises at least a 2-dimensional semiconductor 5 layer (3), and the photosensitizing layer (5) comprises colloidal quantum dots. Enhanced responsivity and extended spectral coverage are achieved with the disclosed structures.

A new approach is proposed to support account takeover (ATO) detection based on login attempts by users. The approach relies on assessing fraudulence confidence level of login IP addresses to classify the login attempts by the users. A plurality of attributes/features in one or more user login data logs are extracted and used to build a labeled dataset for training a machine learning (ML) model that relies on statistics of the login attempts to classify and detect fraudulent logins. These attributes make it possible to ascertain if a login attempt or instance by a user is suspicious based on the ML model. In some embodiments, the ML model is trained using anonymized user login data to preserve privacy of the users and a proper level of data anonymization is determined based on the ML model's accuracy in detecting the ATO attacks when trained with different versions of the anonymized data.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for producing a photovoltaic junction that can include coating a bare junction with a composition. In one embodiment, the composition includes a plurality of quantum dots to create a film; exposing the film to a ligand to create a first layer; coating the first layer with the composition to form a film on the first layer; and exposing the film on the first layer to the ligand to create a second layer.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.