A functional panel is provided. The functional panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a bonding layer, a functional element, a protective layer, and a terminal. The bonding layer is positioned between the first and second substrates. The functional element is surrounded by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the bonding layer. The terminal is electrically connected to the functional element and provided not to overlap with one of the first and second substrates. The protective layer is provided to be in contact with side surfaces of the first and second substrates and an exposed surface of the bonding layer. A surface of the terminal is partly exposed without being covered with the protective layer. The surface of the terminal partly includes a material having a lower ionization tendency than hydrogen.

A flexible display is disclosed. In one aspect, the display includes at least one first pattern including a plurality of display elements configured to display an image and extending in a first direction. The display device also includes at least one second pattern extending in a second direction and overlapping at least a portion of the first pattern. The second pattern has a curved shape in the first direction and the second direction crosses the first direction. The first and second patterns form at least one cavity region defining a space therebetween and the first and second patterns form a mesh structure.

A flexible display apparatus includes a flexible display panel including a flexible substrate, a display area of the flexible substrate including a thin film transistor, an organic light emitting layer and a sensor electrode, and a peripheral area of the flexible substrate including a first alignment mark in which respective portions of two metal layers are stacked; a window on a first surface of the flexible display panel; and a protective film on a second surface of the flexible display panel. The first alignment mark is aligned with a reference point of the window and with a reference point of the protective film.

The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

A method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element includes providing a base structure including a semiconductor substrate having a principal surface, a first electrode located on or above the principal surface, second electrodes which are located on or above the principal surface and which are one- or two-dimensionally arranged, and a photoelectric conversion film covering at least the second electrodes; forming a mask layer on the photoelectric conversion film, the mask layer being conductive and including a covering section covering a portion of the photoelectric conversion film that overlaps the second electrodes in plan view; and partially removing the photoelectric conversion film by immersing the base structure and the mask layer in an etchant.

The present invention relates to metal amides of general Formula Ia and for their use as hole injection layer (HIL) for an Organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and a method of manufacturing Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprising an hole injection layer containing a metal amide of general Formula Ia: ##STR00001##

The present invention describes compounds having an acceptor group and a donor group, especially for use in electronic devices. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the compounds of the invention and to electronic devices comprising these.

A photoelectric device includes a first photoelectric conversion layer including a heterojunction that includes a first p-type semiconductor and a first n-type semiconductor, a second photoelectric conversion layer on the first photoelectric conversion layer and including a heterojunction that includes a second p-type semiconductor and a second n-type semiconductor. A peak absorption wavelength (λ.sub.max1) of the first photoelectric conversion layer and a peak absorption wavelength (λ.sub.max2) of the second photoelectric conversion layer are included in a common wavelength spectrum of light that is one wavelength spectrum of light of a red wavelength spectrum of light, a green wavelength spectrum of light, a blue wavelength spectrum of light, a near infrared wavelength spectrum of light, or an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum of light, and a light-absorption full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the second photoelectric conversion layer is narrower than an FWHM of the first photoelectric conversion layer.

A novel compound is disclosed which includes a ligand L.sub.A of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein: ring B is independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, and CR; at least one pair of adjacent X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each C and fused to Formula V ##STR00002##
where indicated by “”; X.sup.5 to X.sup.12 are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N within a ring is two; Z and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″; R.sup.B and R.sup.C each independently represents zero, mono, or up to a maximum allowed substitutions to its associated ring; each of R.sup.B, R.sup.C, R, R′, and R″ is independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, boryl, and combinations thereof; and two substituents can be joined or fused to form a ring; the ligand L.sub.A is complexed to a metal M through the two indicated dash lines of each Formula; and the ligand L.sub.A can be joined with other ligands to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand.

An organic electroluminescent material and a device thereof are disclosed. The organic electroluminescent material uses a compound having a novel carbazole structure, and can be used as hole blocking material, host material in an electroluminescent device. These novel compounds can provide better device performance, such as obtaining device performance of very low driving-voltage, high efficiency, and long lifetime.