A low voltage, low frequency multi-level power converter capable of power conversion is disclosed. The power converter may include a low voltage, low frequency circuit that includes a plurality of phase-shifting inverters in series; a plurality of low voltage source inputs, and a plurality of phase-shifting inverters in series. Each of the plurality of phase-shifting inverters may be configured to receive at least one of the plurality of low voltage source inputs; and generate at least one square wave output. A semi-sine wave output may be derived from the generated at least one square wave output.

Methods for arc detection in a system including one or more photovoltaic generators, one or more photovoltaic power devices and a system power device and/or a load connectible to the photovoltaic generators and/or the photovoltaic power devices. The methods may measure voltage, current, and/or power delivered to the load or system power device, and the methods may measure voltage noise or current noise within the photovoltaic system. The methods may periodically, and/or in response to detecting noise, reduce an electrical parameter such as current or voltage in order to extinguish an arc. The methods may compare one or more measurements to one or more thresholds to detect arcing, and upon a comparison indicating that arcing is or was present, an alarm condition may be set.

A photovoltaic system comprising an inverter adapted to convert a DC power supplied by photovoltaic modules of a photovoltaic generator via power cables to said inverter into an AC current for an AC power supply grid, wherein the inverter has a base station connected by means of the power cables to the module level devices which are provided to monitor and/or to control associated photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic generator, wherein if the inverter does not receive sufficient energy from the photovoltaic generator and the AC power supply grid, a controller is adapted to activate a deadlock prevention mode of an energy supply unit connected to the inverter where the inverter receives energy from the energy supply unit such that the base station of the inverter is able to continue to transmit permission to operate, PTO, signals via the power cables to the module level devices of the photovoltaic generator.

A ground-fault detecting device includes: a first detecting module, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and a third input terminal coupled to a first-phase electric power, a second-phase electric power, and a third-phase electric power on an AC side of a photovoltaic power generating system respectively, for sampling voltages of the first-phase electric power, the second-phase electric power, and the third-phase electric power to generate a first sampled voltage, a second sampled voltage, and a third sampled voltage respectively; and a controller, coupled to the first detecting module, for determining if a ground-fault occurs in the AC side before the photovoltaic power generating system is connected to a grid according to the first sampled voltage, the second sampled voltage, and the third sampled voltage; wherein the controller generates an alarm signal when the ground-fault occurs in the AC side.

A method for electricity-related security awareness of distributed power supply systems considering spatio-temporal distribution of rainstorms, including: establishing a multi-dimensional parallel parasitic capacitance calculation model of the distributed photovoltaic-energy storage power supply system considering accumulated water depth and micro-terrain environment; performing multi-source spatio-temporal hierarchical correlation analysis between rainstorm spatio-temporal distribution characteristics (including rainfall peak position, cloud movement, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration) and an operating state of the distributed power supply system; constructing a leakage current probability prediction model considering unevenness and randomness of the rainstorm spatio-temporal distribution; and establishing an electricity-related security awareness model based on deep meta-learning.

This application provides a photovoltaic system and a maximum power point tracking control method for a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic system includes an MPPT controller and a power converter, and the MPPT controller is connected to the power converter. The MPPT controller is configured to: be connected to a photovoltaic array, and track a global maximum power point MPP of the photovoltaic array. The MPPT controller may be further configured to obtain, when there is a periodic shade for the photovoltaic array, a multi-peak search start moment of global MPPT of the photovoltaic array based on a status of tracking the global MPP of the photovoltaic array in a target time period, so that when the multi-peak search start moment in each MPPT period arrives, the global MPPT of the photovoltaic array is started, to output a working point of the global MPP of the photovoltaic array to the power converter. According to this application, efficiency of obtaining the working point of the global MPP of the photovoltaic array can be improved, and precision of controlling the global MPPT of the photovoltaic array can be improved.

A system and method for combining power from DC power sources. Each power source is coupled to a converter. Each converter converts input power to output power by monitoring and maintaining the input power at a maximum power point. Substantially all input power is converted to the output power, and the controlling is performed by allowing output voltage of the converter to vary. The converters are coupled in series. An inverter is connected in parallel with the series connection of the converters and inverts a DC input to the inverter from the converters into an AC output. The inverter maintains the voltage at the inverter input at a desirable voltage by varying the amount of the series current drawn from the converters. The series current and the output power of the converters, determine the output voltage at each converter.

A facility receives an indication of a rate of energy output sought from a production array of solar panels. The facility controls a power inverter to which the production array is connected to deliver to an electrical grid to which the power inverter is connected a rate of energy output that is based on the indicated rate of energy output.

An apparatus for a system power device utilized in an interconnected power system. The interconnected power system may include multiple system power devices connected to various inter connections of groups of direct currents (DC) from power sources which also may be connected in various series, parallel, series parallel and parallel series combinations for example. The apparatus may include a processor connected to a memory and a communication interface operatively attached to the processor. The communication interface may be adapted to connect to a mobile computing system of a user in close proximity to the system power devices. A graphical user interface (GUI) of the mobile computing system may allow various operational and re-configuration options for the interconnected power system which may include installation, maintenance and monitoring schedules in the interconnected power system when the user of the GUI is in close proximity to the system power devices.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a semiconductor device power management system including a semiconductor device of a set of semiconductor devices provided on a substrate, wherein the semiconductor device includes an independent power supply unit.