RNA encoding an immunogen is delivered in a liposome for the purposes of immunisation. The liposome includes lipids which have a pKa in the range of 5.0 to 7.6 and, preferably, a tertiary amine. These liposomes can have essentially neutral surface charge at physiological pH and are effective for immunisation.

Graft copolymer polyelectrolyte complexes are disclosed for the efficient delivery of anionic, cationic or polyelectrolyte therapeutic agents into biological cells, and for maintaining the biological activity of these molecules while in serum and other aqueous environments are provided. Such complexes comprise (1) an anionic graft copolymer containing an anionic polymer backbone, with pendent carboxylic acid groups and pendant chains containing amphipathic or hydrophilic polymers covalently bonded to a portion of the pendant carboxylic acid groups, (2) one or more anionic, cationic or polyelectrolyte therapeutic agents, and (3) optionally a liposome optionally containing an additional therapeutic agent. Also disclosed are functional nanoparticles containing the complexes.

The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the instillation of lipid vehicles comprised of liposomes containing sphingomyelin or sphingomyelin metabolites to prevent, manage, ameliorate and/or treat disorders involving neuropathic pain and aberrant muscle contractions, such as what occurs in bladder hyperactivity disorders such as interstitial cystitis (IC) in animals or humans in need thereof. Also provided is a liposome-based delivery of drugs, e.g., antibiotics, pain treatments and anticancer agents, to the bladder, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal system, pulmonary system and other organs or body systems. In particular, liposome-based delivery of vanilloid compounds, such as resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, or tinyatoxin and toxins, such as botulinum toxin is provided for the treatment of bladder conditions, including pain, inflammation, incontinence and voiding dysfunction.

Provided, in part, is a composition comprising one or more chemical entities of formula I, each of which is a compound of formula I:

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a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, or a solvate of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the composition characterized in that greater than a first threshold amount of the total amount of chemical entities of formula I in the composition: are chemical entities of formula I.a, wherein the first threshold amount is 50%; or are chemical entities of formula I.b.1, wherein the first threshold amount is 25%; or are chemical entities of formula I.b.2, wherein the first threshold amount is 25%, wherein the chemical entities of formula I.a, I.b.1, and I.b.2, are described herein, and methods of using such compositions, for example, for the delivery of a polynucleotide in vivo.

The present invention relates to a topical composition comprising plant extracts. In particular, the present invention relates to a topical composition comprising plant extracts embedded in hydrophilic vesicles (niosomes), preferably having a size smaller than 500 nm, and at least one topically acceptable excipient.

Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions containing (a) at least one liposome includes at least one vesicle-forming phospholipid; and (b) treprostinil encapsulated within the liposome. The ratio of treprostinil to phospholipid is equal to or higher than 0.035 and provides a controlled release of treprostinil. Also provided is the use of the pharmaceutical compositions to treat respiratory diseases.

The disclosed compositions and methods relate to an immunogenic composition that, in certain aspects, comprise cationic liposomes; a mixture of toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) and toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligands; and a cellular adhesion agent, and methods of using such compositions. In certain aspects, disclosed compositions are administered to a mammal to induce a non-specific innate immune response at mucosal surfaces. In further aspects, disclosed compositions are administered to a mammal in conjunction with an antigen to enhance the immune response of the mammal to the antigen.

The specification relates to an internal structured self assembled liposome (ISSAL), containing a nuclear core molecule or complex including a first affinity enhancing molecule; and a phospholipid-affinity enhancing complex having a phospholipid coupled to second affinity enhancing molecule, wherein the second affinity enhancing molecule couples to the first affinity enhancing molecule. The ISSAL's can be used in, for example and without limitation, the field of drug delivery, vaccination, imaging contrast agents, and nanotechnology, in which liposomes of ordered, self-assembling structure are employed to deliver soluble or insoluble molecules to any sub-cellular address.

Synthesis and pharmaceutical compositions of antibody-functionalized nanovesicles encapsulating ion channel knockout siRNA, and methods of treating autoimmune diseases associated with increased expression and/or hyperactivity of T cells by selectively targeting memory T cells with the nanoparticles, which deliver their siRNA cargo into the cytosol of the T.sub.M cell thus reducing ion channel expression and decreasing Ca.sup.2+ influx.

The present invention related to aqueous lipid and/or liposome formulations with an increased chemical stability, to methods of preparing such aqueous formulations as well as to kits comprising them. The present invention further relates to methods of preparing lipid-based pharmaceutical compositions, to pharmaceutical compositions prepared by such methods and to methods of chemically stabilizing aqueous lipid and/or liposome formulations.