The present invention is directed to a liposome composition for use in the peritoneal dialysis of patients suffering from endogenous or exogenous toxicopathies, wherein the pH within the liposomes differs from the pH in the intraperitoneal cavity and wherein the pH within the liposome results in a liposome-encapsulated charged toxin. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said liposomes. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of treating patients suffering from endogenous or exogenous toxicopathies, preferably selected from drug, metabolite, pesticide, insecticide, toxin, and chemical warfare toxicopathies, more preferably hyperammonemia, comprising the step of administering liposomes of the invention in a therapeutically effective amount into the peritoneal space of a patient in need thereof. Next to human, the present invention is particularly suitable to veterinary aspects.

The present application relates to pH-sensitive polymersomes. The polymersomes are capable of degradation at endosomes' mild acidic pH into resorbable materials, which also allows avoiding liposome premature degradation of the payload once internalised inside the cells. The polymersomes can thus be used in methods for the treatment or prevention of diseases.

The present invention provides polymersomes comprising non-biodegradable amphiphilic block-copolymers and their enteral (e.g., oral) or topical use in the treatment of an ammonia or ammonia methylated analog-associated disease or disorder or symptom thereof (e.g., hyperammonemia or trimethylaminuria). More particularly, it provides a polymersome comprising (a) a membrane, which comprises a block copolymer of poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), wherein the PS/PEO molecular weight ratio is higher than 1.0 and lower than 4.0; and (b) a core which encloses an acid. It also provides a method of making the polymersome comprising mixing the copolymer-containing organic solvent phase with an aqueous phase containing the acid.

Methods of preparing polymersome-encapsulated functional protein suspensions may include thermally blending an amount of a block copolymer with an amount of a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) for at least 30 minutes, mixing and cooling a resulting PEG/polymer formulation to room temperature, adding an aliquot of a solution of the functional protein to a sample containing the PEG/polymer formulation, and performing at least three dilution steps in which polymersomes that are generated are progressively saturated with the functional protein. The aliquot of the solution of the functional protein added may have a to the PEG/polymer sample of around 0.5:1 to 1.5:1 by volume, and the thermal blending may be performed at 90-100° C.

Disclosed are cell membrane-derived nanovesicles, a method of preparing the nanovesicles, and a pharmaceutical composition and a diagnostic kit using the nanovesicles. The cell membrane-derived nanovesicles may prevent potential adverse effects because intracellular materials (e.g., genetic materials and cytosolic proteins) unnecessary for delivering therapeutic or diagnostic substances are removed from the nanovesicles. In addition, as the nanovesicles may be targeted to specific cells or tissues, therapeutic or diagnostic substances may be predominantly delivered to the targeted cells or tissues, while delivery of the substances may be inhibited. Therefore, the nanovesicles may alleviate suffering and inconvenience of patients by reducing adverse effects of therapeutic substances and by improving efficacy of the substances. In addition, the cell membrane-derived nanovesicles loaded with therapeutic or diagnostic substances and a method of preparing the nanovesicles may be used in vitro or in vivo for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, or for experimental use.

Embodiments of the invention include plant stem cell products and treatment methods using the products. In some embodiments, the products may include extracts of plant stem cells, such as apple stem cells, and an aerosolizing device configured to create an aerosol from the plant stem cell products and to deliver the aerosol to the lung via inhalation. Treatment methods include aerosol inhalation of the plant stem cell products.

The present invention provides nanomaterials for the specific targeting of immune cells. Methods of treating cardiac disease and inflammatory disease are also described.

The present invention provides novel nanostructures comprising solution of PPSU.sub.20. Methods of preparing the novel PPSU nanostructures, and applications of such nanostructures are also provided.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical formulation obtained by combining a liposome composition, in which liposomes encapsulate a drug, with a platinum preparation. According to the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical formulation including (A) a liposome composition in combination with (B) a platinum preparation, in which the liposome composition includes, as constitutional components of a liposome membrane, a hydrophilic polymer-modified diacylphosphatidylethanolamine; a dihydrosphingomyelin; and cholesterols, the liposome composition includes a drug and has an inner water phase containing ammonium sulfate, a molar ratio of sulfate ions in the inner water phase to the drug in an entire water phase is 0.36 or more, and the liposome composition and the platinum preparation are administered simultaneously or sequentially.

The present invention relates to the technical field of medicine, which provides a liposomal docetaxel palmitate formulation and a method for preparing the said formulation. The liposomal docetaxel palmitate formulation contains docetaxel palmitate as the main drug, a chelating agent, lecithin and DSPE-PEG2000. It is characterized in that docetaxel is prepared into a docetaxel palmitate lipophilic prodrug, thus overcoming the defect that docetaxel cannot be processed into liposomes due to poor hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The liposome prescription of this invention contains a chelating agent with a substantive effect that can prolong the action time of the drug in the body, improve the anti-tumor effect and be prepared smoothly. Therefore, the chelating agent in the formulation is the core technical feature of the present invention. The purpose of the present invention is to develop a more efficient docetaxel palmitate liposome with no solubilizer so that it can be prepared more easily