Embodiments of the invention include plant stem cell products and treatment methods using the products. In some embodiments, the products may include extracts of plant stem cells, such as apple stem cells, and an aerosolizing device configured to create an aerosol from the plant stem cell products and to deliver the aerosol to the lung via inhalation. Treatment methods include aerosol inhalation of the plant stem cell products.

Embodiments of the invention include a system having a plant stem cell product and a delivery device configured to deliver an effective amount of the plant stem cell product to the oral cavity or nasopharynx. In some embodiments, the delivery device may include an aerosolizing device, an adherent dressing, a tooth-adherent flexible strip, a treatment tray, a viscous adherent carrier, a brush, a paste, a flosser, a dissolving oral strip, a gum, a chew, a smoking material, a nasal packing, or a lozenge. The plant stem cell products may include encapsulated extracts of plant stem cells, such as food species stem cells, spice or other seasoning stem cells, or medicinal plant stem cells.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a protocell in form of a giant unilamellar vesicle, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a water-based droplet encapsulated by an outer polymer shell, which borders the inner space of the droplet, wherein the droplet has a maximum dimension of 0.5 m to 1,000 m, wherein the inner space of the droplet contains at least one lipid, b) transforming the lipid content of the droplet into a lipid bilayer which is arranged at and covers the inner surface of the polymer shell and oil phase in order to form a polymer shell-stabilized giant unilamellar vesicle, c) optionally incorporating one or more proteins and/or nuclei into the polymer shell-stabilized giant unilamellar vesicle provided in step b) and d) optionally removing the polymer shell and oil phase from the polymer shell-stabilized giant unilamellar vesicle and optionally transferring it from the oil to the water phase.

Embodiments of the invention include a system having a plant stem cell product and a delivery device configured to deliver an effective amount of the plant stem cell product to the oral cavity or nasopharynx. In some embodiments, the delivery device may include an aerosolizing device, an adherent dressing, a tooth-adherent flexible strip, a treatment tray, a viscous adherent carrier, a brush, a paste, a flosser, a dissolving oral strip, a gum, a chew, a smoking material, a nasal packing, or a lozenge. The plant stem cell products may include encapsulated extracts of plant stem cells, such as food species stem cells, spice or other seasoning stem cells, or medicinal plant stem cells.

Nanoparticle mediated microvascular embolization (NME) of tumor tissue may occur after systemic administration of PEM as a result of the nitric oxide sequestration by PEM. Nitric oxide sequestration may cause a reduction in available extracellular nitric oxide in the tumor endothelium, which may prompt a widespread shutdown of vascular flow, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In particular, shutdown of vascular flow may trigger changes in nitric oxide production as well as trigger an acute inflammatory response, which may create reactive nitrogen species that are particularly destructive to the microvasculature. PEM constructs are developed that incorporate large amounts of iron-containing protein, possess high oxygen affinities, and demonstrate delayed nitric oxide binding. Such properties induce selective NME of tumors after extravasation, and will likely enhance the effect of VEGFR TKIs and/or mTOR inhibitors.

This disclosure relates to polymersomes comprising a crosslinked polymer and their use as drug delivery vehicles. Specifically, polymersomes comprising a polymer of Formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein each R is independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and n is an integer between 1 and 50.

The present invention is directed to a liposome composition for use in the peritoneal dialysis of patients suffering from endogenous or exogenous toxicopathies, wherein the pH within the liposomes differs from the pH in the intraperitoneal cavity and wherein the pH within the liposome results in a liposome-encapsulated charged toxin. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said liposomes. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of treating patients suffering from endogenous or exogenous toxicopathies, preferably selected from drug, metabolite, pesticide, insecticide, toxin, and chemical warfare toxicopathies, more preferably hyperammonemia, comprising the step of administering liposomes of the invention in a therapeutically effective amount into the peritoneal space of a patient in need thereof. Next to human, the present invention is particularly suitable to veterinary aspects.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, displaying an RNA nanoparticle on its surface. The RNA nanoparticle can target the extracellular vesicle to a given cell via a targeting moiety. The extracellular vesicle can also comprise a functional moiety, which can be used in treatment or diagnostics.

Compositions and methods are provided for potent mRNA vaccines for treatment of cancers with a mutation in the ras gene family. The compositions include a pharmaceutical composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or yet further comprising mRNA molecules encoding at least one of multiple peptides of a group of somatic mutants and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods for stimulating system immune responses and treatment are provided, including intratumoral, intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, or subcutaneous injection of the composition as disclosed herein.

The present invention provides for delivery of therapeutic drug in a polymeric delivery system comprising a PEG-bl-PPS di-block polymer formed in a micelle, filomicelle, or polymersome structure, wherein the structure effectively binds and/or interacts through shape-based targeting with a targeted cell type.