A continuously variable valve duration (CVVD) system includes an electronic control unit (ECU) configured to output a command for adjusting an actuator and a controller configured to determine a operation range of a control shaft of the actuator and adjust the control shaft in the determined operation range based on the command of the ECU. The controller positions the control shaft at a predetermined target phase and determines a control state of each target phase based on a target phase value transmitted from the actuator when the control shaft is positioned at the target phase.

A first fuel addition valve disposed in a portion of a first exhaust passage upstream from a first upstream purification device, a first urea addition valve disposed in a portion of the first exhaust passage between the first upstream purification device and a first downstream purification device, and a first valve cooling passage configured such that i) refrigerant passes the first urea addition valve and the first fuel addition valve in order, and ii) the refrigerant cools the first fuel addition valve after the refrigerant cools the first urea addition valve.

Methods and systems are provided for reducing torque pulsations during hybrid engine shutdown and restarts. A valve actuating mechanism may be actuated to operate an engine with a selected valve lift profile during engine restart and shutdown events that is distinct from the valve lift profile applied during cylinder combustion. The selected valve lift profile reduces cylinder pressure during engine shutdown and restarts.

A dispensing unit having a circulation system for circulating a fluid in the dispensing unit is provided. The circulation system comprises, a circulation circuit, and a mechanism configured to circulate the fluid in the circulation circuit. By circulating the fluid, the fluid is counteracted from crystallizing. A method for circulating a fluid in a dispensing unit is also provided.

The present invention relates to an exhaust treatment apparatus (1) for an internal combustion engine (5). The apparatus includes a catalyst chamber (15) containing a catalyst (35). One or more exhaust gas inlets (11A-D) are provided for supplying exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine (5) to the catalyst chamber (C). An exhaust gas outlet (21) for supplying exhaust gases from the catalyst chamber to a turbocharger (25). An injection nozzle (19) is provided for introducing a reductant (23) into the exhaust gases between the catalyst (15) and the turbocharger (25). The reductant (23) and the exhaust gases can undergo mixing as they pass through the turbocharger (25). The catalyst (15) can have a three-dimensional open structure to facilitate the flow of exhaust gases. The invention also relates to a method of treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (5).

An integrated load bank and exhaust heater for a diesel genset exhaust aftertreatment system of the type having a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) section. The load bank/heater can function as a load bank when testing the genset, as a heat source to optimize SCR efficiency, as to thermally regenerate the DPF filter.

Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and met-al compounds, together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, the filter includes a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst being arranged on the dispersion side and within wall of the filter; and a palladium including catalyst arranged on the permeation side and within wall of the filter facing the permeation side.

Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and metal compounds, together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, the filter comprises a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst arranged at least on the dispersion side and/or within wall of the filter, the combined SCR and oxidation catalyst comprises palladium, a vanadium oxide and titania.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine gas exchange valve actuator and is used to displace one or more internal combustion engine valves thereby improving the operation and extending the capabilities of the engine. The actuator includes a casing (2) attached to the engine head (1) and with a hollow cylinder (3) formed inside it and containing a reciprocating piston (6) with a piston rod. Provision is made in the casing (2) which is closed by a cap (4), for a loop for controlled charging and discharging of the pressurized fluid and for a solenoid valve with direct electromagnetic control. The solenoid valve is positioned above the piston (6) and is formed as a plunger (19) having a lower cylindrical widening with axial orifices (20) and an upper part with a central recess (22) and radial orifices (23) and (24).

Method for operating an internal combustion engine which has a gas combustion system and an exhaust gas post-treatment system. Exhaust gas that leaves the gas combustion system is directed to at least one CH4 oxidation catalytic converter of the exhaust gas post-treatment system. The CH4/NO2 mole ratio in the exhaust gas is set in a defined fashion by at least one gas-combustion-system-side and/or exhaust-gas-post-treatment-system-side measure upstream of at least one CH4 oxidation catalytic converter.