A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

One embodiment is a system comprising an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, a pulley system structured to be driven by the output shaft, a first alternator and a second alternator structured to be driven by the pulley system, and an electromagnetic clutch integrated within one of the pulley system, the first alternator and the second alternator and structured to selectably couple and decouple at least one of the first alternator and the second alternator from the output shaft. The system includes a controller in operative communication with the internal combustion engine system and structured to evaluate power demand and power production capability parameters of the system and to control the electromagnetic clutch to engage or disengage in response to the evaluation.

A prechamber spark plug. The spark plug includes a housing, a cap, which defines a prechamber at least partially, and which includes a plurality of through holes that are configured to produce a connection between the prechamber and a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine; the through holes each having a hole center line; the cap including a recess at a region pointed towards the housing, the recess abutting the housing at a combustion-chamber-side end of the housing; a distance from an exit point of a through hole lying on the hole center line, to a recess, being in a range of 2 mm to 7 mm; and a first angle between a center axis of the prechamber spark plug and the hole center line being in a range of 30° to 70°. An internal combustion engine including such a prechamber spark plug is also described.

The invention relates to a mixer for an exhaust gas system for mixing an additive into an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine, having a first shell and at least a second shell which are arranged successively in the circumferential direction in relation to a center axis, each shell having at least two shell edges that are arranged offset in the circumferential direction and which each form a flow edge, wherein the flow edges of two circumferentially adjacent shell edges of two different shells delimit an inflow opening, such that at least one pipe end arranged coaxially with the center axis is provided with a circumferential pipe profile that has a nominal radius Rn and is used for connection to an exhaust pipe, the pipe end being formed by the circumferentially adjacent shells.

The disclosure describes different types of reciprocating internal combustion engines flexibly mounted in thermally insulating enclosures. A reciprocating component located between two toroidal working volumes in a cylinder is surrounded by an exhaust processing volume, with charge air or gas passing through the interior of the reciprocating component. The enclosures with engines can be “snap-in” mounted into items of equipment needing an engine for operation. In operation, piston extensions or drawbars attached to pistons in operation power crankshafts and/or electrical generators, either rotating or reciprocating. Within an enclosure, air is passed through multiple segregated plenums. Engines having a single piston assembly reciprocating in a cylinder between two combustion chambers are disclosed. Hollow piston assemblies are shown, permitting passage of gas through their interior. Charge air compressors, fuel delivery systems, exhaust emission control systems, electrical generators and exhaust heat energy recovery systems are shown mounted within a single enclosure. Constructional details of pistons transferring power to crankshafts and/or generators via drawbars, as are other construction details.

A composition is provided that has heat resistance sufficient for use as a hydrocarbon adsorbent and desorbs hydrocarbons slowly with respect to an increase in temperature. The composition includes an alkali metal and a zeolite having a YFI structure. A content of the alkali metal is 1 to 40 mass% based on a total mass of the composition, and a content of the zeolite having a YFI structure is 99 to 60 mass% based on the total mass of the composition.

A centering device (10) for centering a turbine housing (40) with respect to a central axis (33) of a radial turbine of a turbo system is described. The centering device (10) includes a ring-shaped body (11) having an outer diameter D1 and an inner diameter D2, wherein a ratio of D1/D2 is ≤2. Additionally, the centering device (10) includes two or more centering elements (16) provided on a side surface (12) of the ring-shaped body (11) for engaging with respective complementary centering elements (21) provided on a bearing housing (20). The two or more centering elements (16) are configured for allowing a radial thermal expansion of the ring-shaped body (11) during engagement of the two or more centering elements (16) with the respective complementary centering elements (21). Further, a turbo system, including such a centering device as well as a method of centering a turbine housing are described.

An internal combustion engine (1) includes: an exhaust gas recirculation unit equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation control valve (9); a crank angle sensor (11) that detects an indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) as an indicator of combustion stability of the internal combustion engine (1); and a controller (10) that corrects the EGR rate of the exhaust gas recirculation unit based on the combustion stability. The controller (10) is configured to: increase-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount when the state where the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is lower than a threshold value continues for a predetermined number of cycles; and decrease-correct the EGR rate by a predetermined amount immediately when the indicated mean effective pressure fluctuation rate (cPi) is higher than or equal to the threshold value.

An axial extension part is proposed which makes it possible to use a filter cartridge (25) of larger axial dimensions than a standard filter cartridge for which the axial depth of a hollow housing (11) of a casing (10) of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device has been provided. This makes it possible to have different filtration characteristics without having to modify the casing. The larger filter cartridge (25) can be inserted into the extension part when this part is mounted in the housing (11) of the casing (10). The cartridge is sealed therein when the sealing cap (21) is put in place to close the opening at the rear end of the part.

A fully variable electro-hydraulic valve system having a buffering function, comprising: a camshaft (101), a valve assembly (106), a sliding sleeve (103), a spiral shaft (102), a piston (105), and a position restoring spring (104); the sliding sleeve (103) is fixed relative to an engine; the piston (105) abuts against the valve assembly (106); the spiral shaft (102) is controlled by a cam surface of the camshaft (101) in the axial direction; a spiral surface (102E) is provided at a first end of the spiral shaft (102), and a control gear (102A) is provided at a second end thereof; the sliding sleeve (103) is provided with a buffering oil hole (123) that communicates with a buffering cavity (R), and the buffering oil hole (123) communicates with a low-pressure oil circuit of the engine by means of a throttling device (124). When a valve is going to be seated, the piston (105) firstly collides with a buffering ring (121); due to the effect of the throttling device (124), engine oil within the buffering cavity (R) has a damping effect on the movement of the buffering ring (121), such that the valve is slowly seated, thus reducing the impact damage caused to the valve and a sealing surface of a valve seat, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of a valve system.