A particle includes at least one or more kinds of substrate and lipid nanoparticles. The lipid nanoparticles are dispersed in the substrate and contain a physiologically active substance. The lipid nanoparticles are one or more kinds selected from liposomes, lipid emulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles. A corresponding powder inhalant contains the particle. A production method for the particle includes granulating and drying, in which a suspension containing the substrate and the lipid nanoparticles are granulated and dried in a gas medium.

A 3-hydroxybutyric-acid-containing fat and/or oil composition that contains 3-hydroxybutyric acid and/or a salt thereof and that contains fat and/or oil particles, the fat and/or oil particles having a plate-like shape and containing a fat and/or oil component that includes at least one type of XXX triglyceride having a C.sub.x fatty acid residue X at positions 1 to 3 of glycerin, x, which represents the number of carbon atoms, being an integer selected from 10 to 22, and the fat and/or oil component comprising a β-form fat and/or oil.

Proposed is an enteric-coated granular composition containing an ingredient derived from bee venom and lactic acid bacteria. The enteric-coated granular composition containing a bee venom-derived ingredient and lactic acid bacteria according to the present invention has an immune enhancing effect by increasing cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, or B cells and the weight of lymph nodes; and a recovery effect on kidney injury by decreasing expression of cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β and NGAL.

A formulation having excellent gastric protection properties comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a waxy compound, dispersed in a pharmaceutically acceptable oily carrier. The formulation presents a palatable and stable oral dosage form which is particularly suitable for acid-sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredients, and which is also suitable for active pharmaceutical ingredients which are liable to cause stomach irritation.

Ketogenic compositions include a non-racemic mixture of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and acid(s) enriched with the R-enantiomer. The compositions are enriched with the R-enantiomer to elevate ketone bodies and increase the rate at which ketosis is achieved yet contains an amount of the S-enantiomer to provide alternative benefits. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid is more rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body than salts or esters, enhances taste, and reduces the need to include citric acid or other edible acids. Beta-hydroxybutyrate salts are more slowly absorbed and utilized by the body and can provide one or more electrolytes. Compositions for increasing ketone body level in a subject may contain a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate contains from about 50.5% to 99.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and from about 49.5% to about 0.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

The present disclosure relates to a nanoemulsion composition of oxygen gas sustained release and method for preparing the same, and provides a nanoemulsion composition of oxygen gas sustained release and method for preparing the same, including a water phase part containing water, and an oil phase part dispersed in the water phase part and made of nanoparticle containing a perfluorocarbon compound, wherein the oil phase part contains oxygen gas, and the oxygen gas is released in sustained release. According to the present disclosure, there are advantages of preventing hair loss or promoting hair growth by increasing the amount of oxygen gas supplied to the hair bulb and the oxygen release time from the hair bulb.

The present application discloses an acid labile lipophilic molecular conjugate of cancer chemotherapeutic agents and methods for reducing or substantially eliminating the side effects of chemotherapy associated with the administration of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent to a patient in need thereof.

The present invention provides a vaccine for preventing and/or treating infections with human papillomavirus. The present invention relates to a lipid particle encapsulating a nucleic acid molecule capable of expressing the E6 and E7 antigens of human papillomavirus, wherein the lipid comprises a cationic lipid represented by general formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl group;
L.sup.1 represents a C.sub.17-C.sub.19 alkenyl group which may have one or a plurality of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy groups;
L.sup.2 represents a C.sub.10-C.sub.19 alkyl group which may have one or a plurality of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy groups or a C.sub.10-C.sub.19 alkenyl group which may have one or a plurality of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy groups; and
p is 3 or 4.

The present technology relates generally to dry powder formulations comprising leucine and trileucine in specific ratios that are suitable for pulmonary delivery. Also provided are methods of preparing the dry powder formulations, and methods of administration and treatment using the dry powder formulations.

Masking particles which comprise a drug-containing particle containing a drug, an acid, and a carbonate, the drug-containing particle being coated with a coating layer containing a water-insoluble polymer sufficiently suppress drug release in the oral cavity and pharynx, rapidly release a drug after swallowing, and easily control the release suppression time of a drug. The acid may be at least one organic acid. The carbonate may be at least one water-soluble carbonate. Oral pharmaceutical compositions include tablets, granules, fine granules, powders.