Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal.

An Energy Storage Barge provides supplemental energy for a power system when renewable energy sources fail to provide enough hour at peak times. In an embodiment, the Energy Storage Barge is further provided a freeze chamber for pure water and mineral collection. In another embodiment, the Energy Storage barge produces super-chilled air to conduct freeze processing or maintain temperature of a cold storage facility.

Methods and systems for recovering, processing, containing, and transporting water obtained from an ice source, i.e., a glacier, ice sheet, ice cap, etc., are described herein. The ice obtained from the ice source holds unique properties and is processed as a beverage for consumption having unique properties. Further, the resulting product is produced and transported with minimal human alteration and reduced energy input as compared to conventional methods for packaging water.

An integrated system for exploiting renewable energy sources based upon carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere is provided, the system comprising: a solar energy collector; apparatus for capturing CO.sub.2 from the atmosphere; a wind power driven electrical generator; water power driven electrical generator; electric power distribution control means from the renewable energy sources; energy storage systems; water desalinating means and water electrolysis means powered by the renewably generated electricity; hydrocarbon fuel preparation means utilizing the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide generated by this system; and a body of saline water adjacent the land on which the integrated system is built.

Some implementations can include method and system to collect and remove micro plastics from a water environment or ecosystem.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

Energy may be stored by injecting fluid into a fracture in the earth and producing the fluid back while recovering power and/or desalinating water. The method may be particularly adapted to storage of large amounts of energy such as in grid-scale electric energy systems. The fracture may be formed and treated with resin so as to limit fluid loss and to increase propagation pressure. The fluid may be water containing a dissolved salt or fresh water and a portion or all of the water may be desalinated using pressure in the water when it is produced.

A transportable, deployable utility system comprising a housing including a frame and mounting a subframe. Solar panels, wind turbine(s), fuel cells, fuel reformers, and other energy sources can be placed in and mounted on the housing. A photovoltaic solar panel array is mounted on the housing for movement between a retracted, storage position and an extended, use position. The housing frame and subframe include tubular members which can be releasably interconnected by clamping connectors.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.

An electrolyzer operates within an energy system, for example to provide grid services, energy storage or fuel, or to produce hydrogen from electricity produced from renewable resources. The electrolyzer may be configured to operate at frequently or quickly varying rates of electricity consumption or to operate at a specified power consumption. In one process of operating an electrolyzer, a series of dispatches is received indicating a specified power consumption for a period of time. The dispatches may occur at least once every 30 minutes. The electrolyzer is operated according to the dispatches. Hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer is discharged to a natural gas system.