Methods and systems for converting ammonium waste streams into certifiably Organic ammonium salts having a variety of uses in greenhouse gas-reducing activities are herein described. The resulting ammonium salt compositions can be used to enhance crop yield.

Methods and systems for producing a change in a medium. A first method and system (1) place in a vicinity of the medium at least one upconverter including a gas for plasma ignition, with the upconverter being configured, upon exposure to initiation energy, to generate light for emission into the medium, and (2) apply the initiation energy from an energy source including the first wavelength λ.sub.1 to the medium, wherein the emitted light directly or indirectly produces the change in the medium. A second method and system (1) place in a vicinity of the medium an agent receptive to microwave radiation or radiofrequency radiation, and (2) apply as an initiation energy the microwave radiation or radiofrequency radiation by which the agent directly or indirectly generates emitted light in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet range to produce at least one of physical and biological changes in the medium.

The application relates to a method for remediation and/or restoration of an anoxic body of water (10), wherein a calcium nitrate solution (3) is added to the anoxic body of water (10), and wherein the method comprises the steps of mixing water having a percent of oxygen saturation of between 50% and 150% with the calcium nitrate solution (3), resulting in a mixture, and pumping the mixture into the anoxic body of water (10), wherein the final concentration of nitrate-N in the remedied and/or restored anoxic body of water (10) is between 1 and 20 mg/l. The application furthermore relates to a system (1) for remediation and/or restoration of an anoxic body of water (10), wherein the system (1) is provided with means to add a calcium nitrate solution (3) to the anoxic body of water (10), wherein the means to add the calcium nitrate solution (3) to the anoxic body of water (10) consists of a mixing device (2) arranged to mix the calcium nitrate solution (3) with water having a percent of oxygen saturation of between 50% and 150%, resulting in a mixture, and wherein the system (1) comprises first pumping means (5) for pumping the mixture into the anoxic body of water (10).

A method and a system for recovering nitrogen, and optionally phosphorus and/or potassium, from a liquid waste stream, such as a stream of urine or manure, or human urine is described. The method comprises passing the waste stream through a multi-compartment electrodialysis bipolar membrane (EDBM) system.

A system includes a first separator configured to receive waste water, retain a first portion of the waste water, and separate the first portion of the waste water into a first vapor and a first solid material; and a second separator in fluid communication with the first separator, the second separator being configured to receive a second portion of the waste water from the first separator and to separate the second portion of the waste water into a second vapor and a second solid material, the second separator including a first condenser, a heating element, and a first electrocoagulation unit. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

A method for electrolysis-ozone-corrosion inhibitor/electrolysis-ozone-hydrogen peroxide-corrosion inhibitor coupling treatment on toxic and refractory wastewater includes the following steps: adding toxic and refractory wastewater to be treated into a wastewater treatment reaction tank equipped with a plate anode and a plate cathode, and starting a direct current (DC) power supply connected to the plate anode and the plate cathode to treat the toxic and refractory wastewater at an appropriate current density under stirring, during which a corrosion inhibitor and hydrogen peroxide are added to the toxic and refractory wastewater to be treated and ozone is introduced into the toxic and refractory wastewater to be treated through an aeration device. The method can increase the production rate and production quantity of free radicals in a reaction system, effectively improve the treatment efficiency for toxic and refractory wastewater, and reduce the treatment cost.

Melamine is calcined to obtain melem; melem, perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a solvent are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is subjected to a solvothermal reaction in an inert atmosphere to obtain perylene imide; and the perylene imide is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a bismuth source and a tungsten source, and is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction to obtain a perylene imide/bismuth tungstate composite photocatalytic material. By means of constructing an organic-inorganic composite photocatalytic material, the introduction of the organic photocatalytic material that responds to visible light may enable the composite material to have a wider spectral response range; and the introduction of an inorganic semiconductor catalyst enables the composite material to produce more oxidizing active free radicals, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic degradation performance of the composite material on organic pollutants. The constructed organic-inorganic composite photocatalytic material has an excellent catalytic performance.

Disclosed are a P—N heterojunction composite material supported on the surface of nickel foam, a preparation method therefor and the application thereof. The composite material is a supported catalyst which can be used to remove pollutants in water by means of photoelectrocatalysis. The method comprises firstly modifying, by means of a hydrothermal method, a layered nickel-iron bimetallic hydroxide nanosheet on the surface of clean nickel foam, and then modifying cobalt oxide nanowires on the surface of the layered nickel-iron bimetallic hydroxide nanosheet by means of a mixed solvent-thermal method, so as to obtain a P—N heterojunction catalyst composite material supported on the surface of nickel foam (Ni foam@NiFe-LDH/Co.sub.3O.sub.4). The composite material has a good response to visible light, which can greatly enhance the absorption and utilization of light, and is further beneficial to enhance the performance of the catalyst.

A composite nanomaterial of ZnO impregnated by, e.g., a green copper phthalocyanine compound (CuPc) can be an efficient solar light photocatalyst for water remediation. The composite may include hollow shell microspheres and hollow nanospheres of CuPc-ZnO. CuPc may function as a templating and/or structure modifying agent, e.g., for forming hollow microspheres and/or nanospheres of ZnO particles. The composite can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as well as microbes in water under solar light irradiation. The ZnO—CuPc composite can be stable and recyclable under solar irradiation.

Embodiments described herein relate to methods and systems for dewatering alcoholic solutions via forward osmosis, where the concentration of alcohol in the draw stream is equal to or greater than the concentration of the alcohol in the feed stream. As the feed stream is concentrated the alcohol is retained in the feed stream.