Exemplary compositions, methods, systems, and kits are disclosed that render excess pharmaceuticals safe by chemically transforming the active pharmaceutical ingredient into an environmentally benign and biologically inert form. The methods and kits have additional advantages of convenience, low cost, long shelf life, and ease of handling.

A wood chip fermentation device includes: a chip fermenter 11 that is charged with wood chips serving as a heat source and that ferments the wood chips; a temperature sensor 11a that is provided inside the chip fermenter 11 and measures the temperature inside the chip fermenter; a thermal energy extracting pipe 12 that is disposed inside the chip fermenter and extracts fermentation heat from inside the chip fermenter; a pump section 13 that supplies a medium to or takes out a medium from the thermal energy extracting pipe 12; a stirring blade 14a that stirs wood chips 10a put in the chip fermenter 11; and a discharge conveyor 15 that is disposed at a lower portion of the chip fermenter 11 and discharges fermented material. The stirring blade 14a is disposed between the thermal energy extracting pipes 12 and a rotating surface thereof is in a state of being parallel to the thermal energy extracting pipes 12. A bottom surface of the chip fermenter 11 is formed in an arcuate shape such as to follow the rotating outer peripheral surface of the stirring blade 14a. A plurality of temperature sensors 11a are installed in a vertical direction inside each chip fermenter. Control of an on-off valve of the thermal energy extracting pipe 12 is performed based on temperature information from the temperature sensors 11a.

[Object] To use fibrous dust or particulate dust which were simple wastes in the past as resources. To improve treatment capacity dramatically.

[Solving Means] Non-metal dust which is further pulverized into a small particle size in a pulverizing step S10 through a crushing step Si of crushing wastes such as waste automobiles, waste home appliances, and waste office furniture into a predetermined size, an iron component separation and collection step S3 of separating and collecting an iron component, a non-ferrous component separation and collection step S4 of separating and collecting a non-ferrous component, a metal component separation and collection step S5 of sorting a metal component, wind power sorting steps S2, S6, S8, and S9 of sorting floating fibrous dust and a settled crushed material by wind power, and a shredding step S7 of shredding the settled crushed material into a predetermined size is separated into metal scraps such as copper, aluminum, and iron, fibrous dust, and particulate dust in a separating step S11. Fibrous dust and particulate dust are separately collected and are used as various fuel resources for household, business, and industry.

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various carpet, rug, polymeric materials and other waste sources, such as solid waste, tires, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite materials, municipal solid wastes, medical wastes, waste wood and the like into a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes the carpet, rug, polymeric material to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, such as post-consumer carpet remnants and waste, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source. Additional waste sources, such as solid waste, tires, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite materials, municipal solid wastes, medical wastes, waste wood and the like, are suitable for the processing of the invention disclosed.

Biological waste such as food, organic or other biologically-derived waste is converted into shelf-stable and health-safe invertebrate feed. The method for converting includes pre-treating waste by fragmenting, reducing microbial contaminants, optionally amending with components that optimize fermentation, inoculating with microorganisms and mixing. Fermentation takes place in a bioreactor and produces fermentation leachate and solid fermentate. In the post-treatment steps, the solid fermentate is separated from the fermentation leachate. The solid fermentate is ground, dewatered and milled. The solid fermentate can be used as an invertebrate feed with or without further processing.

A method and an apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value is disclosed. The apparatus includes a continuous converter (3) for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants. The continuous converter includes a reaction chamber (5) for producing a solid carbon-containing product, a gas product, and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber, via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms.

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various treated wood sources, such as rail road ties, cross ties, RR crossing roadways, telephone poles, utility poles, cross arm members, bridge timbers, decking, walkways, dock timbers and wharf pilings, lake and ocean pier/pilings, landscaping timbers and edging, treated outdoor engineering structural and other reinforced wood composites, and other end-of-life treated wood materials, into a Clean Fuel Gas and Biochar are disclosed. The invention processes the treated wood sources using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Biochar source.

A method and an apparatus for processing wood wastes and producing valuable products that are safe and have economic value is disclosed. The apparatus includes a continuous converter (3) for a feed material that includes wood wastes containing contaminants. The continuous converter includes a reaction chamber (5) for producing a solid carbon-containing product, a gas product, and optionally a liquid oil product and a separate water-based condensate product in the chamber, via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms.

Provided are: a method for producing a deodorant which is derived from earthworm castings and can be used in a liquid form; and a deodorant. The deodorant production method characterized by including a mixing step of mixing earthworm castings with water and a collecting step of collecting vaporized water generated from a mixture obtained in the mixing step to obtain a liquid; and the deodorant produced by the production method. It is preferred to further mix an organic substance together with the earthworm castings and the water in the mixing step.

Clean, safe, and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various waste sources into a Clean Fuel Gas, Char, and Biochar are provided. The process further converts the Clean Fuel Gas into both a purified hydrogen source for green ammonia production and natural gas. The methods process waste sources to effectively separate, neutralize and/or destroy halogens and other hazardous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas, Char and/or Biochar, which can then further be processed to extract and purify hydrogen for green ammonia production from the Clean Fuel Gas and thereby provide natural gas. The Clean Fuel Gas is a natural and renewable natural gas as it is continually produced and further available for use to provide energy and new products.