The present invention addresses the problem of providing an inhibitor for retinochoroidal disorders, in particular, an inhibitor for retinochoroidal scar formation and retinochoroidal atrophy in an epiretinal, intraretinal or subretinal tissue. This problem can be solved by preparing an inhibitor for retinochoroidal disorders which comprises, as an active ingredient, (E)-4-(2-{3-[(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-yl}vinyl)benzoic acid, an ester thereof or a salt of the same. The inhibitor for retinochoroidal disorders can inhibit collagen atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium cells, fibroblasts, glial cells and the like and thus inhibit retinochoroidal disorders.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising PYY (e.g., PYY(3-36) and analogs and variants thereof), satiety peptides, satiety hormones, metabolic hormones, and methods of treating metabolic diseases with such compositions are provided. Aspects include methods of increasing a feeling of fullness in patients treated with pharmaceutical compositions comprising PYY, PYY(3-36), satiety peptides, satiety hormones, metabolic hormones, and analogs, receptor antagonists and variants thereof.

Sustained release compositions of sotalol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are provided. In certain examples, sotalol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be administered in an effective amount to provide a therapeutic effect to a patient, such as, for example, a patient suffering from a cardiac disorder. In some examples, sotalol combined with a sustained release system may be administered to provide a sustained release of sotalol for a desired period, e.g., at least about 24 hours.

The present disclosure provides programmable osmotic-controlled oral compositions providing delayed extended release of a therapeutically acceptable amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride. The programmable osmotic-controlled compositions of the disclosure provide a lag time that is independent of the presence or absence of food, type of food, pH, gastric emptying, and volume of gastric fluid. The compositions of the disclosure can be programmed to provide a desired and precise lag time, and release drug, after the lag time, at a rhythm that matches the circadian rhythm of an individual being treated to optimize therapeutic outcome and minimize side effects.

GHB drug delivery systems comprising a floating interpenetrating network (IPN) are provided. The pharmaceutical compositions contain at least one IPN forming system, at least GHB drug, and at least one gas generating agent, such that upon oral ingestion of the compositions, a floating IPN is formed in situ. These floating IPN provide extended release of the GHB drug entrapped therein for at least about 3 hours.

Swellable oral compositions are described which, upon addition of water, form semi-solid products prior to administration. The compositions are particularly suitable for administration to subjects who may have difficulty in, or a dislike for, swallowing solid oral compositions, such as tablets and capsules.

Solid, stable formulations of linaclotide suitable for oral administration are described herein as are methods for preparing such formulations. The formulations described herein contain a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence Cys Cys Glu Tyr Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr (“linaclotide”; SEQ ID NO:1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The linaclotide formulations described herein are stable and have a sufficient shelf life for manufacturing, storing and distributing the drug.

There is disclosed a clear skin supplement/medicinal component for acne comprising: an orally administered dosage comprising of between about 3000-9000 mg of the Chinese medicinal composition comprising by ratio: around 3.8-7.6% of each of Prunus persica, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica dahurica, Gleditsia sinensis, Viola yedoensis, Paeonia suffruticosa and gardenia jasminoides; around 5.7-7.6% of each of Oldenlandia diffusa and Scutellaria baicalensis; around 3.8-5.7% of Salvia miltiorrhiza; around 2.5-5.7% of Phellodendron amurense; around 2.5-7.6% of Gentiana scabra; and around 0-7.6% of each of Taraxacum mongolicum and any one of Lonicera japonica/Rhizoma Coptidas/Sophora flavescens.

Chlorogenic acid is used in the preparation of a medicine for preventing or treating pain. The pain can be cancer pain, skeletal muscle pain and the like. A medicine for preventing or treating pain, the medicine being a pharmaceutical preparation prepared by using chlorogenic acid as an active ingredient and adding pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials. Chlorogenic acid may effectively relieve cancer pain and bone joint pain, and may replace analgesic drugs such as opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as meloxicam and/or rizatriptan in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the NSAID for the treatment of pain such as migraine, arthritis, and other conditions. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating pain, such as migraine, comprising administering meloxicam and rizatriptan to a human being suffering from pain, such as migraine. For migraine, these methods may be particularly useful when the meloxicam and rizatriptan are administered while the human being is suffering from an acute attack of migraine pain or migraine aura. In some embodiments, the combination of meloxicam and rizatriptan may be administered in a manner that results in a T.sub.max of meloxicam of 3 hours or less.