The present invention relates to microRNA for use in the treatment of tumours, such as, for example, triple negative breast cancer, by inhibition of the expression of TRF2.

This disclosure provides silyl lipid molecules in which one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in the lipophilic portion is substituted with a silicon atom. Guidance is provided by which the reader may make silyl lipid molecules from molecular building blocks, and then incorporate silyl lipid molecules into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The silyl LNPs can be used as carriers of pharmaceutical agents. Flexible steric and substitution patterns of silyl groups in the LNPs give the user a way to fine-tune physicochemical properties, achieving improved stability and clinical efficacy. This technology is useful for immunization or genetic therapy, such as the preparation and administration of RNA vaccines for protection against COVID-19 and other infectious disease.

The present disclosure relates to peptide compounds and conjugate compounds, processes, methods and uses thereof for treating cancer. For example, the compounds can comprise compounds of formula

TABLE-US-00001 (I) (SEQIDNO:1) X.sub.1X.sub.2X.sub.3X.sub.4X.sub.5GVX.sub.6AKAGVX.sub.7NX.sub.8FKSESY (II) (SEQIDNO:2) (X.sub.9).sub.nGVX.sub.10AKAGVX.sub.11NX.sub.12FKSESY (III) (SEQIDNO:3) YKX.sub.13LRRX.sub.14APRWDX.sub.15PLRDPALRX.sub.16X.sub.17L (IV) (SEQIDNO:4) YKX.sub.18LRR(X.sub.19).sub.nPLRDPALRX.sub.20X.sub.21L (V) (SEQIDNO:5) IKLSGGVQAKAGVINMDKSESM (VI) (SEQIDNO:6) IKLSGGVQAKAGVINMFKSESY (VII) (SEQIDNO:7) IKLSGGVQAKAGVINMFKSESYK (VIII) (SEQIDNO:8) GVQAKAGVINMFKSESY (IX) (SEQIDNO:9) GVRAKAGVRNMFKSESY (X) (SEQIDNO:10) GVRAKAGVRN(Nle)FKSESY (XI) (SEQIDNO:11) YKSLRRKAPRWDAPLRDPALRQLL (XII) (SEQIDNO:12) YKSLRRKAPRWDAYLRDPALRQLL (XIII) (SEQIDNO:13) YKSLRRKAPRWDAYLRDPALRPLL

wherein X.sub.1 to X.sub.21 and n can have various different values

and wherein at least one protecting group and/or at least one labelling agent is optionally connected to said peptide compound at an N- and/or C-terminal end.

A pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) carrier comprising a PepMV particle that has been modified to carry an imaging agent or anticancer agent is described. The PepMV carrier can be used in a method of targeting cancer cells and tissue by administering it to a subject. Cancer tissue targeted by the PepMV carrier can be imaged using an imaging agent, or treated using an anticancer agent.

Disclosed herein are polynucleic acid molecules, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for treating muscle atrophy or myotonic dystrophy.