A composition for use in psychotherapeutic or medical treatment of an R(−) enantiomer of MDMA or MDA. A method of treating an individual for a medical condition (especially autism and social anxiety disorders), by administering an effective amount of a composition of an R(−) enantiomer of MDMA or MDA and treating the individual. A method of reducing neurotoxicity of MDMA and MDA, by administering an effective amount of a composition of an R(−) enantiomer of MDMA or MDA to an individual and reducing neurotoxicity of MDMA or MDA while treating the individual. A method of reducing hyperthermia of MDMA and MDA. A method of reducing physical dependence or abuse liability of MDMA and MDA.

Disclosed are a Piper laetispicum extract and a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The Piper laetispicum extract includes any one or more of sesamin, (2E,6E)-N-isobutyl-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)heptadienamide, (2E,4E)-N-isobutyldodecane-2,4-dieneamide, (2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-15-phenylpentadeca-2,4-dieneamide, (2E,4E,14Z)—N-isobutyleicosane-2,4,14-trienamide, and (2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-13-phenyltrideca-2,4-dieneamide. The Piper laetispicum extract can prevent depression.

5-HT receptor agonists are useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Provided herein are methods of reducing the incidence and/or severity of seizures in a human patient using a 5-HT receptor agonist, such as, for example, a 5-HT4 agonist (e.g., fenfluramine). Methods of treating epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, and/or reducing, ameliorating or eliminating incidence of SUDEP in a subject diagnosed with epilepsy by administering a 5-HT4 agonist (e.g., fenfluramine) to a subject in need thereof are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in practicing the subject methods are also provided.

5-HT receptor agonists are useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Provided herein are methods of reducing the incidence and/or severity of seizures in a human patient using a 5-HT receptor agonist, such as, for example, a 5-HT4 agonist (e.g., fenfluramine). Methods of treating epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, and/or reducing, ameliorating or eliminating incidence of SUDEP in a subject diagnosed with epilepsy by administering a 5-HT4 agonist (e.g., fenfluramine) to a subject in need thereof are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in practicing the subject methods are also provided.

5-HT receptor agonists are useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Provided herein are methods of reducing the incidence and/or severity of seizures in a human patient using a 5-HT receptor agonist, such as, for example, a 5-HT4 agonist (e.g., fenfluramine). Methods of treating epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, and/or reducing, ameliorating or eliminating incidence of SUDEP in a subject diagnosed with epilepsy by administering a 5-HT4 agonist (e.g., fenfluramine) to a subject in need thereof are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in practicing the subject methods are also provided.

This disclosure relates to a drug delivery system comprising a neurotrophic agent, an apoptosis signaling fragment inhibitor (FAS) or FAS-ligand (FASL) inhibitor, a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or TNF receptor (TNFR) inhibitor, a mitochondrial peptide, an oligonucleotide, a chemokine inhibitor, a cysteine-aspartic protease inhibitor, including any combination of these compounds and, optionally, a sustained delivery component. This type of drug delivery system can be used to treat a medical condition such as an inherited or age-related choroid, retina, optic nerve disorder, or optic nerve degeneration; an otic disorder; a neurologic or CNS disorder; or a related condition; or a condition related to occlusion or obstruction of a blood vessel or blood circulation such as a stroke, myocardial or renal infarction. Medicaments, methods of manufacturing medicaments, kits, and other related products or methods are also described.

This disclosure relates to a drug delivery system comprising a neurotrophic agent, an apoptosis signaling fragment inhibitor (FAS) or FAS-ligand (FASL) inhibitor, a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or TNF receptor (TNFR) inhibitor, a mitochondrial peptide, an oligonucleotide, a chemokine inhibitor, a cysteine-aspartic protease inhibitor, including any combination of these compounds and, optionally, a sustained delivery component. This type of drug delivery system can be used to treat a medical condition such as an inherited or age-related choroid, retina, optic nerve disorder, or optic nerve degeneration; an otic disorder; a neurologic or CNS disorder; or a related condition; or a condition related to occlusion or obstruction of a blood vessel or blood circulation such as a stroke, myocardial or renal infarction. Medicaments, methods of manufacturing medicaments, kits, and other related products or methods are also described.

The present invention features a method of reducing tactile dysfunction or anxiety in a subject diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rett Syndrome, or Fragile X syndrome by administering a GABA.sub.A agent having reduced blood brain barrier or by expressing a nucleic acid encoding an exogenous alpha or beta subunit of a GABA.sub.A receptor in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the subject using a vector.

The present invention features a method of reducing tactile dysfunction or anxiety in a subject diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rett Syndrome, or Fragile X syndrome by administering a GABA.sub.A agent having reduced blood brain barrier or by expressing a nucleic acid encoding an exogenous alpha or beta subunit of a GABA.sub.A receptor in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the subject using a vector.

The present disclosure provides compositions comprising (R)-MDMA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with no or substantially no (S)-MDMA, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or metabolite thereof. Also provided herein are methods of using the compositions for treating diseases/disorders, e.g., PTSD.