Provided herein are methods of improving kidney function in a subject in need thereof.

The invention discloses that ER-negative breast cancers can be converted into ER positive breast cancers, such as to a breast cancer of luminal-like phenotype by treatment with anti-PDGF-CC antibodies. ER-positive breast cancers, including luminal-like breast cancers can be treated with anti-estrogen treatment. On this basis the invention discloses that surprisingly, ER-negative breast cancers can be treated with anti-estrogen treatment, if the treatment is combined with treatment with anti-PDGF-CC antibodies. Said treatment may for example be an adjuvant treatment, for example a treatment aiming at reducing the risk of relapse of a breast cancer after removal of the primary tumor by surgery.

The invention discloses that ER-negative breast cancers can be converted into ER positive breast cancers, such as to a breast cancer of luminal-like phenotype by treatment with anti-PDGF-CC antibodies. ER-positive breast cancers, including luminal-like breast cancers can be treated with anti-estrogen treatment. On this basis the invention discloses that surprisingly, ER-negative breast cancers can be treated with anti-estrogen treatment, if the treatment is combined with treatment with anti-PDGF-CC antibodies. Said treatment may for example be an adjuvant treatment, for example a treatment aiming at reducing the risk of relapse of a breast cancer after removal of the primary tumor by surgery.

A N-heterocyclic five-membered ring-containing capsid protein assembly inhibitor, and a pharmaceutical composition and use thereof, specifically relating to a compound as represented by formula I, a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a geometrical isomer, a solvate, an active metabolite, a hydrate, a prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and a medical use thereof. The medical use comprises the use in treating diseases benefiting from the capsid protein assembly inhibitor, and in particular, diseases caused by hepatitis B virus infection. ##STR00001##

A method of treating cancer or metastasis is provided involving administering at least one oncostatin M (OSM) antagonist to a subject, wherein the subject has been diagnosed with cancer. Administration of an OSM antagonist such as a small molecule pharmaceutical is provided as well as an anti-OSM antibody, an anti-OSM aptamer, and an OSM mRNA antagonist. The OSM antagonists were found to inhibit or prevent tumor cell detachment, progression, proliferation and metastasis in several cancer types.

Compounds, and compositions, methods, and uses thereof, are described herein for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. In particular, vasopressin receptor modulators, and compositions, methods and uses thereof, are described herein for treating neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease.

Compounds, and compositions, methods, and uses thereof, are described herein for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. In particular, vasopressin receptor modulators, and compositions, methods and uses thereof, are described herein for treating neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease.

The invention comprises an agent for use in medicine, wherein the agent comprises a compound of Formula (I): B-L-B′ wherein: B and B′ are independently selected from groups of formula (B-I) wherein: Z is selected from —COOH, —CH.sub.2COOH, —PO(OH)(OR.sup.1), or —CH.sub.2PO(OH) (OR.sup.1), wherein R.sup.1 is H or a phosphate protecting group; W is an alicyclic amine group having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one amine nitrogen atom; W′ is H, or W′ is linked to W to form said alicyclic amine group; and Y is selected from —NH—, —N(CH.sub.3)—, —CH.sub.2—, —NHCO—, —CH.sub.2CONH—, —CONH—, CH.sub.2NHCO—, or —NHCH.sub.2—; and L is a linker group.

##STR00001##

The invention comprises an agent for use in medicine, wherein the agent comprises a compound of Formula (I): B-L-B′ wherein: B and B′ are independently selected from groups of formula (B-I) wherein: Z is selected from —COOH, —CH.sub.2COOH, —PO(OH)(OR.sup.1), or —CH.sub.2PO(OH) (OR.sup.1), wherein R.sup.1 is H or a phosphate protecting group; W is an alicyclic amine group having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one amine nitrogen atom; W′ is H, or W′ is linked to W to form said alicyclic amine group; and Y is selected from —NH—, —N(CH.sub.3)—, —CH.sub.2—, —NHCO—, —CH.sub.2CONH—, —CONH—, CH.sub.2NHCO—, or —NHCH.sub.2—; and L is a linker group.

##STR00001##

An agent for enhancing skin barrier function was provided with.

An agent for enhancing skin barrier function comprising a wavelength conversion substance as an active ingredient; a composition and a product comprising the agent for enhancing skin barrier function; and a method for enhancing skin barrier function using thereof. The present invention can exhibit a desirable effect on skin by effectively making use of ultraviolet light to enhance skin barrier function.