The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of solid cancers or blood cancers such as acute leukemia or chronic leukemia, including, as an active ingredient, a 1,2-naphthoquinone derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the 1,2-naphthoquinone derivative compound has excellent effects in killing cancer cells of various solid cancers, acute leukemia, and chronic leukemia, and thus, can be useful as a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of cancer, in particular, solid cancers, acute leukemia, or chronic leukemia.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of solid cancers or blood cancers such as acute leukemia or chronic leukemia, including, as an active ingredient, a 1,2-naphthoquinone derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the 1,2-naphthoquinone derivative compound has excellent effects in killing cancer cells of various solid cancers, acute leukemia, and chronic leukemia, and thus, can be useful as a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of cancer, in particular, solid cancers, acute leukemia, or chronic leukemia.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof, wherein all the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are selective LPA receptor inhibitors.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof, wherein all the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are selective LPA receptor inhibitors.

Provided are methods and compositions for treating an individual who has a medulloblastoma. Methods for treating an individual who has a medulloblastoma tumor can include a step of administering to the individual, at a dose sufficient to reduce the size and/or growth rate of the medulloblastoma tumor, a composition that includes a casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor (e.g., a CK2-selective inhibitor such as CX-4945). In some cases, the medulloblastoma tumor is a hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma tumor. In some cases, the medulloblastoma tumor is a hedgehog-independent medulloblastoma tumor. In some cases, the medulloblastoma tumor is smoothened inhibitor-resistant (SMO inhibitor-resistant). In some cases, the medulloblastoma is resistant to treatment with 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2H-benzotriazole (TBB). In some cases, the dose is sufficient to cause long term regression of the medulloblastoma tumor, and in some cases, the dose is sufficient to increase the chance of survival of the individual.

Provided are methods and compositions for treating an individual who has a medulloblastoma. Methods for treating an individual who has a medulloblastoma tumor can include a step of administering to the individual, at a dose sufficient to reduce the size and/or growth rate of the medulloblastoma tumor, a composition that includes a casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor (e.g., a CK2-selective inhibitor such as CX-4945). In some cases, the medulloblastoma tumor is a hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma tumor. In some cases, the medulloblastoma tumor is a hedgehog-independent medulloblastoma tumor. In some cases, the medulloblastoma tumor is smoothened inhibitor-resistant (SMO inhibitor-resistant). In some cases, the medulloblastoma is resistant to treatment with 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2H-benzotriazole (TBB). In some cases, the dose is sufficient to cause long term regression of the medulloblastoma tumor, and in some cases, the dose is sufficient to increase the chance of survival of the individual.

Methods for determining the presence of cancer stem cells by detecting GD2 expression. Also provided are methods for reducing proliferation of cancer stem cells by contacting the cells with a GD2 targeting agent, such as an anti-GD2 antibody or a GD3 synthase inhibitor. GD3 synthase inhibitor compounds are also provided.

Methods for determining the presence of cancer stem cells by detecting GD2 expression. Also provided are methods for reducing proliferation of cancer stem cells by contacting the cells with a GD2 targeting agent, such as an anti-GD2 antibody or a GD3 synthase inhibitor. GD3 synthase inhibitor compounds are also provided.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (1) and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound useful as a nerve regeneration promoter

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1-L- is R.sup.1—OC(O)—, or the like, R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, optionally-substituted 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl group, or the like, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or the like, Ring A is formula (2) or formula (3) wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like, the part of X, Y, and Z is X=Y-Z, X-Y=Z, or X-Y-Z, X is nitrogen atom, NR.sup.4 (R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like), or the like, Y is carbon atom or the like, and Z is carbon atom, nitrogen atom or the like.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (1) and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound useful as a nerve regeneration promoter

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1-L- is R.sup.1—OC(O)—, or the like, R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, optionally-substituted 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl group, or the like, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or the like, Ring A is formula (2) or formula (3) wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like, the part of X, Y, and Z is X=Y-Z, X-Y=Z, or X-Y-Z, X is nitrogen atom, NR.sup.4 (R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like), or the like, Y is carbon atom or the like, and Z is carbon atom, nitrogen atom or the like.