The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for reactivating latent immunodeficiency virus and/or reducing transcription of HIV integrated into the genome of an HIV-infected cell. The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating an immunodeficiency virus infection.

A medicinal agent for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by EP.sub.4 receptor activation. A compound having antagonistic activity against the EP.sub.4 receptor is contained as an active ingredient in the medicinal agent. The compound represented by the following general formula (I) as defined in the specification, a salt, an N-oxide, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug of these is useful as a medicinal component having antagonistic activity against the EP.sub.4 receptor for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by EP.sub.4 receptor activation.

##STR00001##

A medicinal agent for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by EP.sub.4 receptor activation. A compound having antagonistic activity against the EP.sub.4 receptor is contained as an active ingredient in the medicinal agent. The compound represented by the following general formula (I) as defined in the specification, a salt, an N-oxide, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug of these is useful as a medicinal component having antagonistic activity against the EP.sub.4 receptor for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by EP.sub.4 receptor activation.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which contains one or more kinase inhibitors selected from the group consisting of an epithelial cell growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, an Aurorakinase inhibitor, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, an MEK inhibitor, an Met inhibitor, a JNK inhibitor, a Syk inhibitor and a JAK inhibitor, a prostaglandin analogue and an estrogen receptor antagonist, or one or more kinase inhibitors selected from the group consisting of Tivozanib and an analog thereof, SB 216763, Cdk2 Inhibitor II, BUDESONIDE, RIBOFLAVIN, alpha-TOCHOPHEROL, AMODIAQUINE, SU9516, Sunitinib and an analog thereof, GSK-3 Inhibitor XIII, Bisindolylmaleimide I, HYDROQUINONE, FLUNISOLIDE, MGCD-265, Indirubin-3′-monoxime, HYDRASTINE (1R,9S), PIPERINE, BUTAMBEN, Axitinib and an analog thereof, APOMORPHINE, FENBUFEN, Bosutinib (SKI-606) and an analog thereof, a Wee1 Inhibitor, Cdk2 Inhibitor IV, NU6140, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, AT9283, Imatinib, Nilotinib, Rebastinib, and Bafetinib for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of ALS. Particularly, using a compound already on the market as a pharmaceutical product, a pharmaceutical product for the prophylaxis or treatment of ALS can be developed rapidly at a low cost.

The present invention provides a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which contains one or more kinase inhibitors selected from the group consisting of an epithelial cell growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, an Aurorakinase inhibitor, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, an MEK inhibitor, an Met inhibitor, a JNK inhibitor, a Syk inhibitor and a JAK inhibitor, a prostaglandin analogue and an estrogen receptor antagonist, or one or more kinase inhibitors selected from the group consisting of Tivozanib and an analog thereof, SB 216763, Cdk2 Inhibitor II, BUDESONIDE, RIBOFLAVIN, alpha-TOCHOPHEROL, AMODIAQUINE, SU9516, Sunitinib and an analog thereof, GSK-3 Inhibitor XIII, Bisindolylmaleimide I, HYDROQUINONE, FLUNISOLIDE, MGCD-265, Indirubin-3′-monoxime, HYDRASTINE (1R,9S), PIPERINE, BUTAMBEN, Axitinib and an analog thereof, APOMORPHINE, FENBUFEN, Bosutinib (SKI-606) and an analog thereof, a Wee1 Inhibitor, Cdk2 Inhibitor IV, NU6140, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, AT9283, Imatinib, Nilotinib, Rebastinib, and Bafetinib for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of ALS. Particularly, using a compound already on the market as a pharmaceutical product, a pharmaceutical product for the prophylaxis or treatment of ALS can be developed rapidly at a low cost.

Provided herein are substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-ylamine compounds, for example, of formula (A), and pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and methods of their use for treating, preventing, or ameliorating one or more symptoms of a Janus kinase-mediated disease.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-ylamine compounds, for example, of formula (A), and pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and methods of their use for treating, preventing, or ameliorating one or more symptoms of a Janus kinase-mediated disease.

##STR00001##

A method of forming an implant in the tissue can include: providing an injectable composition having a neat liquid carrier, wherein the neat liquid carrier is substantially liquid at room temperature and/or about body temperature; and injecting the neat liquid solution into the tissue at the rate of 10-12000 injections per minute and/or at an amount of 1.0E-02 ml to 1.0E-16 ml per needle per injection. The neat liquid carrier can be polymeric or non-polymeric. The neat liquid carrier can be biodegradable. The neat liquid carrier can include a viscosity-modifying agent. The injecting can form an implant with area greater than or equal to 5 mm.sup.2. The neat liquid carrier can be injected at a depth of 10 microns to 5 mm. The neat liquid solution can include a drug or other agent.

A method of forming an implant in the tissue can include: providing an injectable composition having a neat liquid carrier, wherein the neat liquid carrier is substantially liquid at room temperature and/or about body temperature; and injecting the neat liquid solution into the tissue at the rate of 10-12000 injections per minute and/or at an amount of 1.0E-02 ml to 1.0E-16 ml per needle per injection. The neat liquid carrier can be polymeric or non-polymeric. The neat liquid carrier can be biodegradable. The neat liquid carrier can include a viscosity-modifying agent. The injecting can form an implant with area greater than or equal to 5 mm.sup.2. The neat liquid carrier can be injected at a depth of 10 microns to 5 mm. The neat liquid solution can include a drug or other agent.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) including primary and recurrent CDI. In particular, the compositions and methods described herein are capable of achieving a CDI clearance rate of at least 80% through a single oral dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a freeze-dried fecal microbiota preparation.