The present disclosure provides a novel animal model of NEHI, and method of preventing and/or treating a pulmonary disease, particularly the lung-based complications in NEHI, such as pulmonary edema, by targeting the PNEC product, such as the CGRP signaling. Also disclosed is the pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating a pulmonary edema and/or other pulmonary disease, particularly, NEHI, comprising one or more CGRP signaling antagonist and/or inhibitor of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides a novel animal model of NEHI, and method of preventing and/or treating a pulmonary disease, particularly the lung-based complications in NEHI, such as pulmonary edema, by targeting the PNEC product, such as the CGRP signaling. Also disclosed is the pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating a pulmonary edema and/or other pulmonary disease, particularly, NEHI, comprising one or more CGRP signaling antagonist and/or inhibitor of the present disclosure.

A method of treating coronavirus infection, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition, wherein the composition comprises one or more compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof: ##STR00001## wherein m, l, and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X represents —O— or —CH.sub.2—; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a protecting group, or a tri-lower alkylsilyloxy-lower alkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which are the same or different, each independently represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and R.sup.4 represents an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, wherein the aromatic or heterocyclic group may have one or more arbitrary substituent(s).

A heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof: ##STR00001## wherein m, l, and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X represents —O— or —CH.sub.2—; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a protecting group, or a tri-lower alkylsilyloxy-lower alkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which are the same or different, each independently represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and R.sup.4 represents an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, wherein the aromatic or heterocyclic group may have one or more arbitrary substituent(s).

The present invention relates to compounds which are inhibitors of non-apoptotic regulated cell death, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions in therapy, in particular in the treatment of a condition, disorder or disease that is characterised by non-apoptotic regulated cell-death or where non-apoptotic regulated cell-death is likely to play or plays a substantial role. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are also useful in the treatment of a condition, disorder or disease that is characterised by oxidative stress or where oxidative stress is likely to play or plays a substantial role; and/or a condition, disorder or disease that is characterised by activation of (1) one or more components of the necrosome; (2) death domain receptors; and/or (3) Toll-like receptors; and/or (4) players in ferroptotic/ferroptosis signalling, or where activation of any one of (1) to (3) and/or (4) is likely to play or plays a substantial role.

The present invention relates to compounds which are inhibitors of non-apoptotic regulated cell death, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions in therapy, in particular in the treatment of a condition, disorder or disease that is characterised by non-apoptotic regulated cell-death or where non-apoptotic regulated cell-death is likely to play or plays a substantial role. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are also useful in the treatment of a condition, disorder or disease that is characterised by oxidative stress or where oxidative stress is likely to play or plays a substantial role; and/or a condition, disorder or disease that is characterised by activation of (1) one or more components of the necrosome; (2) death domain receptors; and/or (3) Toll-like receptors; and/or (4) players in ferroptotic/ferroptosis signalling, or where activation of any one of (1) to (3) and/or (4) is likely to play or plays a substantial role.

Provided are novel heteroaromatic compound as an Autotaxin inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a use thereof in a treatment of a disease with a pathological feature of Autotaxin overexpression in a mammal, wherein the compound is according to formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, stereoisomer, tautomer, nitrogen oxide, metabolite, prodrug, or mixture thereof; wherein each of R.sup.1, Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3, W, Y, Z, and Cy is defined in the present disclosure.

Provided are novel heteroaromatic compound as an Autotaxin inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a use thereof in a treatment of a disease with a pathological feature of Autotaxin overexpression in a mammal, wherein the compound is according to formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, stereoisomer, tautomer, nitrogen oxide, metabolite, prodrug, or mixture thereof; wherein each of R.sup.1, Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3, W, Y, Z, and Cy is defined in the present disclosure.

The invention relates to a series of novel compounds containing acryloyl group. In particular, the invention relates to acryloyl group-containing compounds shown in formula (1) and the preparation method thereof, and application of the compounds shown in formula (1) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in preparation of medicaments for treating, regulating and/or preventing diseases related to physiological conditions related to CRM1 protein. ##STR00001##