The subject invention pertains to methods of treating HIV-1 infected subject comprising the administration of growth hormone to a subject infected by HIV-1. The subject may be undergoing co-administration of anti-retroviral therapies (ARTs), may be untreated with anti-retroviral drugs (ARDs) or may be in a period of time where no ART is being administered. Growth hormone may be administered at a fixed dosage for a set period of time or may be administered at a first dosage for a first period of time that may then be increased or decreased to a second dosage for a second period of time.

The present invention relates to the use of organic and highly water-soluble compatible solutes or a solute mixture, preferably in the form of an inhalable, oropharyngeally, nasally and intravenously administrable composition, in the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by ss(+)RNA viruses of the Coronavriridae family, preferably of those diseases caused by SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and/or HCoV-229E. Particularly suitable solutes in the meaning of the invention are ectoine and its derivatives, Glycoin, mannosylglycerate (Firoin) and mannosylglyceramide (Firoin-A), which, due to their strong water-binding capacity, reduce the binding of the viruses to the receptors of the host cell in the transitional epithelium, e.g. eye, in the internal epithelium, e.g. lung, and in the endothelium and thus reduce or prevent the multiplication of the viruses. According to the invention, prevention is enabled by a reduced infectious sputum and breath, and treatment and rehabilitation of the affected tissues is enabled by the membrane protective properties of the compatible solutes according to the invention.

The present invention relates to the use of organic and highly water-soluble compatible solutes or a solute mixture, preferably in the form of an inhalable, oropharyngeally, nasally and intravenously administrable composition, in the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by ss(+)RNA viruses of the Coronavriridae family, preferably of those diseases caused by SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and/or HCoV-229E. Particularly suitable solutes in the meaning of the invention are ectoine and its derivatives, Glycoin, mannosylglycerate (Firoin) and mannosylglyceramide (Firoin-A), which, due to their strong water-binding capacity, reduce the binding of the viruses to the receptors of the host cell in the transitional epithelium, e.g. eye, in the internal epithelium, e.g. lung, and in the endothelium and thus reduce or prevent the multiplication of the viruses. According to the invention, prevention is enabled by a reduced infectious sputum and breath, and treatment and rehabilitation of the affected tissues is enabled by the membrane protective properties of the compatible solutes according to the invention.

The present invention relates to the use of organic and highly water-soluble compatible solutes or a solute mixture, preferably in the form of an inhalable, oropharyngeally, nasally and intravenously administrable composition, in the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by ss(+)RNA viruses of the Coronavriridae family, preferably of those diseases caused by SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and/or HCoV-229E. Particularly suitable solutes in the meaning of the invention are ectoine and its derivatives, Glycoin, mannosylglycerate (Firoin) and mannosylglyceramide (Firoin-A), which, due to their strong water-binding capacity, reduce the binding of the viruses to the receptors of the host cell in the transitional epithelium, e.g. eye, in the internal epithelium, e.g. lung, and in the endothelium and thus reduce or prevent the multiplication of the viruses. According to the invention, prevention is enabled by a reduced infectious sputum and breath, and treatment and rehabilitation of the affected tissues is enabled by the membrane protective properties of the compatible solutes according to the invention.

A method of achieving HIV viral remission in a patient in need thereof, comprising the steps of: after exposure of the patient to the HIV virus, administering an early antiretroviral therapy (eART) of therapeutically effective amounts of cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting antiretrovirals, and after eART suppression of the virus, discontinuing said early antiretroviral therapy.

A method of achieving HIV viral remission in a patient in need thereof, comprising the steps of: after exposure of the patient to the HIV virus, administering an early antiretroviral therapy (eART) of therapeutically effective amounts of cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting antiretrovirals, and after eART suppression of the virus, discontinuing said early antiretroviral therapy.

A method of achieving HIV viral remission in a patient in need thereof, comprising the steps of: after exposure of the patient to the HIV virus, administering an early antiretroviral therapy (eART) of therapeutically effective amounts of cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting antiretrovirals, and after eART suppression of the virus, discontinuing said early antiretroviral therapy.

Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

The invention relates to methods, kits and compositions for reducing the level of or eliminating Bacteroides in situ. The invention encompasses methods of preventing myocarditis, treating myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy, or limiting progression of myocarditis toward dilated cardiomyopathy in a subject in need thereof, comprising reducing the amount of Bacteroides sp. in the subject. The invention further encompasses methods of diagnosis of a subject as having myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy. The invention also encompasses compositions preventing myocarditis, treating myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy, or limiting progression of myocarditis toward dilated cardiomyopathy in a subject in need thereof.