The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating ischemia-reperfusion injury, the composition comprising an NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor as an active ingredient, and more specifically, to a composition exhibiting prophylactic or therapeutic effects on ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing the signaling of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by means of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Provided is a method of inhibiting viral replication, including contacting one or more cells that has been infected or contacted with a flavivirus with an effective amount of niclosamide, temoporfin, nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, erythrosin B, methylene blue. Contacting one or more cells that have been infected with a flavivirus may include administering the compound to a mammal, a human, or other subject. The flavivirus may be Dengue virus serotype 1, Dengue virus serotype 2, Dengue virus serotype 3, Dengue virus serotype 4, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-born encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, or other flavivirus.

Provided is a method of inhibiting viral replication, including contacting one or more cells that has been infected or contacted with a flavivirus with an effective amount of niclosamide, temoporfin, nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, erythrosin B, methylene blue. Contacting one or more cells that have been infected with a flavivirus may include administering the compound to a mammal, a human, or other subject. The flavivirus may be Dengue virus serotype 1, Dengue virus serotype 2, Dengue virus serotype 3, Dengue virus serotype 4, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-born encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, or other flavivirus.

Provided is a method of inhibiting viral replication, including contacting one or more cells that has been infected or contacted with a flavivirus with an effective amount of niclosamide, temoporfin, nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, erythrosin B, methylene blue. Contacting one or more cells that have been infected with a flavivirus may include administering the compound to a mammal, a human, or other subject. The flavivirus may be Dengue virus serotype 1, Dengue virus serotype 2, Dengue virus serotype 3, Dengue virus serotype 4, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-born encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, or other flavivirus.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as meloxicam and/or rizatriptan in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the NSAID for the treatment of pain such as migraine, arthritis, and other conditions. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating pain, such as migraine, comprising administering meloxicam and rizatriptan to a human being suffering from pain, such as migraine. For migraine, these methods may be particularly useful when the meloxicam and rizatriptan are administered while the human being is suffering from an acute attack of migraine pain or migraine aura. In some embodiments, the combination of meloxicam and rizatriptan may be administered in a manner that results in a T.sub.max of meloxicam of 3 hours or less.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as meloxicam and/or rizatriptan in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the NSAID for the treatment of pain such as migraine, arthritis, and other conditions. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating pain, such as migraine, comprising administering meloxicam and rizatriptan to a human being suffering from pain, such as migraine. For migraine, these methods may be particularly useful when the meloxicam and rizatriptan are administered while the human being is suffering from an acute attack of migraine pain or migraine aura. In some embodiments, the combination of meloxicam and rizatriptan may be administered in a manner that results in a T.sub.max of meloxicam of 3 hours or less.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as meloxicam and/or rizatriptan in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the NSAID for the treatment of pain such as migraine, arthritis, and other conditions. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating pain, such as migraine, comprising administering meloxicam and rizatriptan to a human being suffering from pain, such as migraine. For migraine, these methods may be particularly useful when the meloxicam and rizatriptan are administered while the human being is suffering from an acute attack of migraine pain or migraine aura. In some embodiments, the combination of meloxicam and rizatriptan may be administered in a manner that results in a T.sub.max of meloxicam of 3 hours or less.

A therapeutic system comprises an ocular insert placed on a region outside an optical zone of an eye. The ocular insert comprises two structures: a first skeletal structure and a second cushioning structure. The first structure functions as a skeletal frame which maintains positioning of the implant along the anterior portion of the eye and provides support to the second, cushioning structure. This first structure maintains the attachment of the therapeutic system to the anterior portion of the eye for at least thirty days. In some embodiments the first structure remains a constant size and shape, e.g. a ring shape, a ring with haptics, or a curvilinear ring that is confined to and restrainingly engages the inferior and superior conjunctival fornices so as to retain the implant within the tear fluid and/or against the tissues of the eye.

A therapeutic system comprises an ocular insert placed on a region outside an optical zone of an eye. The ocular insert comprises two structures: a first skeletal structure and a second cushioning structure. The first structure functions as a skeletal frame which maintains positioning of the implant along the anterior portion of the eye and provides support to the second, cushioning structure. This first structure maintains the attachment of the therapeutic system to the anterior portion of the eye for at least thirty days. In some embodiments the first structure remains a constant size and shape, e.g. a ring shape, a ring with haptics, or a curvilinear ring that is confined to and restrainingly engages the inferior and superior conjunctival fornices so as to retain the implant within the tear fluid and/or against the tissues of the eye.

Provided is a method of inhibiting viral replication, including contacting one or more cells that has been infected or contacted with a flavivirus with an effective amount of niclosamide, temoporfin, nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, erythrosin B, methylene blue. Contacting one or more cells that have been infected with a flavivirus may include administering the compound to a mammal, a human, or other subject. The flavivirus may be Dengue virus serotype 1, Dengue virus serotype 2, Dengue virus serotype 3, Dengue virus serotype 4, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-born encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, or other flavivirus.